Introduction
Ph1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) ranks a special place among lymphoid tumors. Initially, Ph1 positivity in ALL cells seemed an unexpected finding, since it challenged a specificity of t(9;22) translocation for chronic myeloid leukemia [17]. Afterwards, upon data gaining, it has become clear that Ph+ ALL may occur in all age groups, being more common in aged people, with minimal rates shown for children. Its prevalence is as high as 20% among adult ALL patients [15]. Until more recent times, the Ph+ ALL was considered an extremely unfavorable clinical variant with respect to all known treatment modes including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) [15]. This problem was solved as soon as different tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs (TKIs) were introduced to clinics, thus enabling stable molecular remissions of the disease [3,6,13,18], and their usage for successful HSCT [2,16,23] including autologous (auto-) HSCTs [4,7,8,25]. ACA in Ph+ ALL are commonly seen, being described for 30-60% of the cases [5, 11, 14, 24]. Evaluation of allo-HSCT outcomes has shown that their prognosis depends on presence or absence of additional chromosome aberrations in cases of Ph1 chromosome positivity [1]. Moreover, it should be kept in mind that the ACA in Ph+ ALL patients could not be definitive. In particular, efficiency of chemotherapy and HSCT may be very good in cases of Ph1 chromosome combined with high hyperdiploidy [22]. We have previously confirmed it in our studies [9]. Such clinical aspect seems to be of high importance, in view of revisiting auto-HSCT for Ph+ ALL treatment [7,8,25].
Our study concerned a retrospective analysis of allo-HSCT performed in a mixed cohort of children and adults with Ph+ ALL who exhibited different clinical, transplant and cytogenetic characteristics.
Patients and Methods
The study was performed in a group of sixty-five patients with Ph+ ALL who underwent allo-HSCT at the First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University over 2008 to 2015. We have used short-term 24-hour culturing of bone marrow cells without mitogen stimulation. Cytogenetic studies were carried out with a GTG chromosome staining using a standard technique [9]. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific DNA probes proceeded according to the manufacturers’ protocols (MetaSystems, Germany; CytoCell, Great Britain). Interpretation of chromosomal aberrations was performed in accordance with an International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature [20]. Evaluation of overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) was carried out in the patients with different demographic and clinical characteristics including gender and age, donor type, clinical state at the HSCT, conditioning regimen, source of stem cells and number of stem cells transplanted. The overall survival (OS) has been determined as the time period passed since HSCT to the patient’s death (for any reasons), or until the last examination date. Event-free survival (EFS) was evaluated as a time from HSCT to any adverse event (non-achievement of remission post-transplant, relapse, or death for any reasons), or till the last examination date. Statistical evaluation was performed with digital package ‘R’, version 3.1.1. (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna Austria 2012). Survival curves have been plotted, according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. The survival plots were compared by means of a log-rank test; confidence levels by p<0,05 were considered significant. Multivariate analysis has been performed by the Cox regression model.
Results
The group of patients included 26 females (40%), and 39 males (60%), at the age between 5 and 48 years (a median of 26 years). Table 1 represents clinical and transplantation characteristics of the cohort under study. Thirty-one patients (48%) received allo-HSCT in the 1st remission, 20 subjects (31%) were transplanted in the 2nd remission, whereas 14 (21%) of the patients underwent allo-HSCT in active stage of the disorder. Bone marrow was a source of stem cells in 31 patients (48%), whereas peripheral blood stem cell transplants were used in 32 subjects (49%). Two patients got stem cells from the both sources. Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) were used in 36 cases (55%), myeloablative treatment, in 29 cases (45%). Eighteen patients (28%) had HLA-identical sibling in their families; whereas 42 patients (65%) could be transplanted from HLA-matched unrelated donors found in an international registry. In 5 cases (7%), a related haploidentical HSCT was performed, since HLAmatched donor was absent in the family or blood donor Registries.
Table 1. Clinical and transplantation characteristics of Ph+ ALL patients under study
Cytogenetic characteristics of Ph-positive ALL
Primary diagnosis of Ph+ ALL was established by a standard cytogenetic examination performed in 53 (80%) of the patients. In 12 subjects (18%), the diagnosis was based on a fusion chimeric BCR-ABL gene found by FISH technique and chimeric bcr/abl transcript (р190 and/or p210) revealed with PCR.
Afterwards, we considered karyotypic changes in 53 patients with described pre-transplant cytogenetics. A t(9;22) (q34;q11) translocation, as sole karyotypic aberration, has been revealed in 33 patients, including 9 children (38%) and 24 (62%) adults. Accessory chromosomal anomalies were found in 20 patients, 5 (33%), in children and 15 (67%) in adults. The cytogenetic data for the 20 patients with additional chromosomal aberrations (ACA) are represented in Table 2. Both quantitative and structural ACA have been detected. Numerical abnormalities beared, mainly, on the chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, being found in 12 out of 20 cases (60%). Trisomy 1 was nonrandom, being found in 2 patients (No5, 6). Similar repeated findings were made for trisomy10 (No4, 20), trisomy 22 (No4, 16), monosomy 7 (No8, 12). Trisomy 2 (in No20), trisomy 17 and 19 (No2), monosomy 9 (No16) were revealed in single patients.
Table 2. Karyotypes of the patients with Ph+ ALL with additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA)
Note: additional chromosomal abnormalities are marked red.
Additional structural aberrations [except of t(9;22)] were registered in 20 patients. These were unbalanced in 16 of 20 cases (80%). Meanwhile, only 4 patients (20%) exhibited reciprocal translocations. Detailed evaluation of the chromosomal alterations, i.e., complete or partial monosomies and trisomies, is represented in Fig.1. Chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 2, 1, 17, 22 were most commonly involved into additional structural rearrangements. E.g., deletions and translocations in the short arm (p) of the chromosome 9 were observed in 4 patients out of 20 (No1, 5, 9, 15); reciprocal and unbalanced translocations with involvement of 7p were found in 3 cases (No17, 18, 19). Interstitial deletions and unbalanced translocations under involvement of 5q have been registered in 4 patients (No2, 4, 17, 18); deletions/translocations with chromosome 1, in 3 cases (No1, 6, 18); deletions and translocations of the chromosome 2, in 4 subjects (No1, 11, 17, 18). A structurally changed chromosome 17 was noted in 2 cases, as an isochromosome 17q (No2), or as a partner in unbalanced translocation (No4). An accessory derivate of the chromosome 22 was revealed in two patients (No14, 16). Unbalanced rearrangements involving other chromocomes occured occasionally.
A karyotype with three and more chromosomal aberrations was revealed in 13 patients (20%). As an example, the karyograms with a variant t(21;9;22)(q22;q34;q11) translocation and compound chromosomal abnormalities are presented on Fig. 2. The latter include ‘jumping’ segments (1q, 8q, 1q8q) to the partner chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 14, 19, 21 in a patient with chemoresistant Ph+ ALL (No18).
Figure 1. Figure illustrates the additional cytogenetic alterations in the cohort of Ph-positive ALL with the support of CYDAS (http://www.cydas.org/OnlineAnalysis/) [12]. Chromosomal gains are marked in green to the right, losses in red to the left. The thickness of the bars represents the number of cases showing the respective chromosomal gain or loss.
Figure 2. Karyograms of a bone marrow cells from a patient with chemoresistant Ph+ ALL and complex chromosomal abnormalities including a variant translocation t(21;9;22) and ‘jumping’ segments (1q, 8q, 1q-8q) to the partner chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 14, 21 (A,B – GTG banding; C,D, multi-coloured FISH).
Effects of cytogenetic, clinical and transplantation parameters upon clinical outcomes of allo-HSCT in the Ph+ALL patients
Furthermore, we performed an OS and EFS analysis in the patients different for their clinical and biological characteristics, e.g., gender, age, disease state, donor type, conditioning regimen, source of stem cells, presence of additional chromosomal aberrations and complex karyotypic abnormalities (≥3 per a karyotype). ///
A univariate analysis (Table 3) has shown significant differences in OS and EFS after allo-HSCT for the patients differing in their clinical stage at transplantation (for EFS only), donor type, as well as for groups with ACA, complex chromosomal aberrations (≥3 per karyotype), or ACA-free.
Table 3. Univariate analysis of overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) for the patients under study
Our data suggest that clinical efficiency was higher for transplantations performed at the 1st remission (for EFS only), in cases of matched related and unrelated donors, in absence of ACA in karyotype (for OS only), and, in particular, for complex chromosome aberrations (for OS only) (Fig. 3, 4). Meanwhile, no significant differences were obtained in the patients differing for their age, gender, conditioning regimens, stem cell source, time period from initial diagnosis to HSCT, and amount of transplanted CD34+ cells.
Figure 3. Overall survival after allo-HSCT in Ph+ ALL patients dependent on the presence of additional chromosomal abnormalities [except of t(9;22)] (left); and presence of ≥3 additional chromosomal aberrations (right).
Figure 4. Event-free survival after allo-HSCT in Ph+ ALL patients dependent on clinical stage at time of HSCT.
The results of multivariate analysis (Table 4) have shown that a presence of ≥3 chromosomal abnormalities in karyotype is an independent predictor for OS in ALL patients with t(9;22)/BCR-ABL translocation. Meanwhile, clinical stage at the time of allo-HSCT seems to be an independent predictor of event-free survival (EFS) of these patients.
Table 4. Multivariate analysis of survival predictors post-HSCT in Ph’-positive ALL
Discussion
Our study has confirmed recent conclusions on predictive significance of ACA in Ph+ALL patients [1]. According to several studies [5, 24], ACA in Ph+ ALL took place in 30-60% of these patients, and some of them underwent HSCT. As a rule, ACA affect chromosome pairs 7 to 9, 21 and 22 [11, 24]. Since advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), predictive significance shifted towards ACA of chromosomes 9 and 22, making questionable a predictive role of other chromosomes. [21]. In our cohort, the structural changes in chromosomes 9 and 22 with 9p deletion and accessory Ph’-chromosome encountered in 6 patients. Moreover, ACA included also structural changes of chromosomes 5 (n=4), 7 (n=3), 1 (n=3), 17 (n=2) and some others. When discussing a role of ACA in Ph+ ALL patients, one should mention that some of them, by contrary, might lengthen OS and EFS. In particular, such situation is typical to the patients with a combination of one or two Ph1-cromosomes with high hyperdiploid karyotype [5, 19, 22]. In most of them, it was rather easy to achieve complete remission, due to positive predictive effect of high hyperdiploidy. Such patients were absent from our cohort. In the past, however, we have observed several ALL patients with two Ph’ chromosomes and high hyperdiploid karyotype who developed complete remission, even at standard chemotherapy, without TKI’s, with subsequent consolidation by means of autologous HSCT [9]. Some workers presume that only a combination of glucocorticoids and TKI’s is today sufficient to achieve a molecular remission, which could be fixed with auto-transplant [4, 7, 8]. As seen from our results, this cohort is heterogeneous, with respect to cytogenetic and prognostic parameters. Hence, appropriate therapy should be differentiated and based on cytogenetic data. In case of “favorable” combination of Ph’ chromosome and high hyperdiploid karyotype, the patients should be initially prepared by glucocorticoids and TKI’s (without application of ), then followed by auto-HSCT. What concerns more toxic protocols of therapy followed by auto-HSCT, they should be used, first of all, for treating the patients with other ACA types. Moreover, chemotherapy causes both de novo chromosome damage in Ph+ cells, and triggers a complex, prognostically adverse process of clonal evolution [10]. A resulting delay with HSCT in adult patients with Ph+ALL also remains unacceptable.
Conclusion
Our data show broad cytogenetic heterogeneity among leukemia patients with Ph+ ALL before HSCT. A significant subgroup exhibits additional chromosomal abnormalities which are associated with inferior clinical outcomes post-transplant. This phenomenon can be due to clonal evolution of malignant karyotype, or chemotherapy performed before HSCT, thus requiring further studies in the field.
Conflict of interest
All the authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Introduction
Ph1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) ranks a special place among lymphoid tumors. Initially, Ph1 positivity in ALL cells seemed an unexpected finding, since it challenged a specificity of t(9;22) translocation for chronic myeloid leukemia [17]. Afterwards, upon data gaining, it has become clear that Ph+ ALL may occur in all age groups, being more common in aged people, with minimal rates shown for children. Its prevalence is as high as 20% among adult ALL patients [15]. Until more recent times, the Ph+ ALL was considered an extremely unfavorable clinical variant with respect to all known treatment modes including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) [15]. This problem was solved as soon as different tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs (TKIs) were introduced to clinics, thus enabling stable molecular remissions of the disease [3,6,13,18], and their usage for successful HSCT [2,16,23] including autologous (auto-) HSCTs [4,7,8,25]. ACA in Ph+ ALL are commonly seen, being described for 30-60% of the cases [5, 11, 14, 24]. Evaluation of allo-HSCT outcomes has shown that their prognosis depends on presence or absence of additional chromosome aberrations in cases of Ph1 chromosome positivity [1]. Moreover, it should be kept in mind that the ACA in Ph+ ALL patients could not be definitive. In particular, efficiency of chemotherapy and HSCT may be very good in cases of Ph1 chromosome combined with high hyperdiploidy [22]. We have previously confirmed it in our studies [9]. Such clinical aspect seems to be of high importance, in view of revisiting auto-HSCT for Ph+ ALL treatment [7,8,25].
Our study concerned a retrospective analysis of allo-HSCT performed in a mixed cohort of children and adults with Ph+ ALL who exhibited different clinical, transplant and cytogenetic characteristics.
Patients and Methods
The study was performed in a group of sixty-five patients with Ph+ ALL who underwent allo-HSCT at the First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University over 2008 to 2015. We have used short-term 24-hour culturing of bone marrow cells without mitogen stimulation. Cytogenetic studies were carried out with a GTG chromosome staining using a standard technique [9]. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific DNA probes proceeded according to the manufacturers’ protocols (MetaSystems, Germany; CytoCell, Great Britain). Interpretation of chromosomal aberrations was performed in accordance with an International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature [20]. Evaluation of overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) was carried out in the patients with different demographic and clinical characteristics including gender and age, donor type, clinical state at the HSCT, conditioning regimen, source of stem cells and number of stem cells transplanted. The overall survival (OS) has been determined as the time period passed since HSCT to the patient’s death (for any reasons), or until the last examination date. Event-free survival (EFS) was evaluated as a time from HSCT to any adverse event (non-achievement of remission post-transplant, relapse, or death for any reasons), or till the last examination date. Statistical evaluation was performed with digital package ‘R’, version 3.1.1. (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna Austria 2012). Survival curves have been plotted, according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. The survival plots were compared by means of a log-rank test; confidence levels by p<0,05 were considered significant. Multivariate analysis has been performed by the Cox regression model.
Results
The group of patients included 26 females (40%), and 39 males (60%), at the age between 5 and 48 years (a median of 26 years). Table 1 represents clinical and transplantation characteristics of the cohort under study. Thirty-one patients (48%) received allo-HSCT in the 1st remission, 20 subjects (31%) were transplanted in the 2nd remission, whereas 14 (21%) of the patients underwent allo-HSCT in active stage of the disorder. Bone marrow was a source of stem cells in 31 patients (48%), whereas peripheral blood stem cell transplants were used in 32 subjects (49%). Two patients got stem cells from the both sources. Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) were used in 36 cases (55%), myeloablative treatment, in 29 cases (45%). Eighteen patients (28%) had HLA-identical sibling in their families; whereas 42 patients (65%) could be transplanted from HLA-matched unrelated donors found in an international registry. In 5 cases (7%), a related haploidentical HSCT was performed, since HLAmatched donor was absent in the family or blood donor Registries.
Table 1. Clinical and transplantation characteristics of Ph+ ALL patients under study
Cytogenetic characteristics of Ph-positive ALL
Primary diagnosis of Ph+ ALL was established by a standard cytogenetic examination performed in 53 (80%) of the patients. In 12 subjects (18%), the diagnosis was based on a fusion chimeric BCR-ABL gene found by FISH technique and chimeric bcr/abl transcript (р190 and/or p210) revealed with PCR.
Afterwards, we considered karyotypic changes in 53 patients with described pre-transplant cytogenetics. A t(9;22) (q34;q11) translocation, as sole karyotypic aberration, has been revealed in 33 patients, including 9 children (38%) and 24 (62%) adults. Accessory chromosomal anomalies were found in 20 patients, 5 (33%), in children and 15 (67%) in adults. The cytogenetic data for the 20 patients with additional chromosomal aberrations (ACA) are represented in Table 2. Both quantitative and structural ACA have been detected. Numerical abnormalities beared, mainly, on the chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, being found in 12 out of 20 cases (60%). Trisomy 1 was nonrandom, being found in 2 patients (No5, 6). Similar repeated findings were made for trisomy10 (No4, 20), trisomy 22 (No4, 16), monosomy 7 (No8, 12). Trisomy 2 (in No20), trisomy 17 and 19 (No2), monosomy 9 (No16) were revealed in single patients.
Table 2. Karyotypes of the patients with Ph+ ALL with additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA)
Note: additional chromosomal abnormalities are marked red.
Additional structural aberrations [except of t(9;22)] were registered in 20 patients. These were unbalanced in 16 of 20 cases (80%). Meanwhile, only 4 patients (20%) exhibited reciprocal translocations. Detailed evaluation of the chromosomal alterations, i.e., complete or partial monosomies and trisomies, is represented in Fig.1. Chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 2, 1, 17, 22 were most commonly involved into additional structural rearrangements. E.g., deletions and translocations in the short arm (p) of the chromosome 9 were observed in 4 patients out of 20 (No1, 5, 9, 15); reciprocal and unbalanced translocations with involvement of 7p were found in 3 cases (No17, 18, 19). Interstitial deletions and unbalanced translocations under involvement of 5q have been registered in 4 patients (No2, 4, 17, 18); deletions/translocations with chromosome 1, in 3 cases (No1, 6, 18); deletions and translocations of the chromosome 2, in 4 subjects (No1, 11, 17, 18). A structurally changed chromosome 17 was noted in 2 cases, as an isochromosome 17q (No2), or as a partner in unbalanced translocation (No4). An accessory derivate of the chromosome 22 was revealed in two patients (No14, 16). Unbalanced rearrangements involving other chromocomes occured occasionally.
A karyotype with three and more chromosomal aberrations was revealed in 13 patients (20%). As an example, the karyograms with a variant t(21;9;22)(q22;q34;q11) translocation and compound chromosomal abnormalities are presented on Fig. 2. The latter include ‘jumping’ segments (1q, 8q, 1q8q) to the partner chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 14, 19, 21 in a patient with chemoresistant Ph+ ALL (No18).
Figure 1. Figure illustrates the additional cytogenetic alterations in the cohort of Ph-positive ALL with the support of CYDAS (http://www.cydas.org/OnlineAnalysis/) [12]. Chromosomal gains are marked in green to the right, losses in red to the left. The thickness of the bars represents the number of cases showing the respective chromosomal gain or loss.
Figure 2. Karyograms of a bone marrow cells from a patient with chemoresistant Ph+ ALL and complex chromosomal abnormalities including a variant translocation t(21;9;22) and ‘jumping’ segments (1q, 8q, 1q-8q) to the partner chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 14, 21 (A,B – GTG banding; C,D, multi-coloured FISH).
Effects of cytogenetic, clinical and transplantation parameters upon clinical outcomes of allo-HSCT in the Ph+ALL patients
Furthermore, we performed an OS and EFS analysis in the patients different for their clinical and biological characteristics, e.g., gender, age, disease state, donor type, conditioning regimen, source of stem cells, presence of additional chromosomal aberrations and complex karyotypic abnormalities (≥3 per a karyotype). ///
A univariate analysis (Table 3) has shown significant differences in OS and EFS after allo-HSCT for the patients differing in their clinical stage at transplantation (for EFS only), donor type, as well as for groups with ACA, complex chromosomal aberrations (≥3 per karyotype), or ACA-free.
Table 3. Univariate analysis of overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) for the patients under study
Our data suggest that clinical efficiency was higher for transplantations performed at the 1st remission (for EFS only), in cases of matched related and unrelated donors, in absence of ACA in karyotype (for OS only), and, in particular, for complex chromosome aberrations (for OS only) (Fig. 3, 4). Meanwhile, no significant differences were obtained in the patients differing for their age, gender, conditioning regimens, stem cell source, time period from initial diagnosis to HSCT, and amount of transplanted CD34+ cells.
Figure 3. Overall survival after allo-HSCT in Ph+ ALL patients dependent on the presence of additional chromosomal abnormalities [except of t(9;22)] (left); and presence of ≥3 additional chromosomal aberrations (right).
Figure 4. Event-free survival after allo-HSCT in Ph+ ALL patients dependent on clinical stage at time of HSCT.
The results of multivariate analysis (Table 4) have shown that a presence of ≥3 chromosomal abnormalities in karyotype is an independent predictor for OS in ALL patients with t(9;22)/BCR-ABL translocation. Meanwhile, clinical stage at the time of allo-HSCT seems to be an independent predictor of event-free survival (EFS) of these patients.
Table 4. Multivariate analysis of survival predictors post-HSCT in Ph’-positive ALL
Discussion
Our study has confirmed recent conclusions on predictive significance of ACA in Ph+ALL patients [1]. According to several studies [5, 24], ACA in Ph+ ALL took place in 30-60% of these patients, and some of them underwent HSCT. As a rule, ACA affect chromosome pairs 7 to 9, 21 and 22 [11, 24]. Since advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), predictive significance shifted towards ACA of chromosomes 9 and 22, making questionable a predictive role of other chromosomes. [21]. In our cohort, the structural changes in chromosomes 9 and 22 with 9p deletion and accessory Ph’-chromosome encountered in 6 patients. Moreover, ACA included also structural changes of chromosomes 5 (n=4), 7 (n=3), 1 (n=3), 17 (n=2) and some others. When discussing a role of ACA in Ph+ ALL patients, one should mention that some of them, by contrary, might lengthen OS and EFS. In particular, such situation is typical to the patients with a combination of one or two Ph1-cromosomes with high hyperdiploid karyotype [5, 19, 22]. In most of them, it was rather easy to achieve complete remission, due to positive predictive effect of high hyperdiploidy. Such patients were absent from our cohort. In the past, however, we have observed several ALL patients with two Ph’ chromosomes and high hyperdiploid karyotype who developed complete remission, even at standard chemotherapy, without TKI’s, with subsequent consolidation by means of autologous HSCT [9]. Some workers presume that only a combination of glucocorticoids and TKI’s is today sufficient to achieve a molecular remission, which could be fixed with auto-transplant [4, 7, 8]. As seen from our results, this cohort is heterogeneous, with respect to cytogenetic and prognostic parameters. Hence, appropriate therapy should be differentiated and based on cytogenetic data. In case of “favorable” combination of Ph’ chromosome and high hyperdiploid karyotype, the patients should be initially prepared by glucocorticoids and TKI’s (without application of ), then followed by auto-HSCT. What concerns more toxic protocols of therapy followed by auto-HSCT, they should be used, first of all, for treating the patients with other ACA types. Moreover, chemotherapy causes both de novo chromosome damage in Ph+ cells, and triggers a complex, prognostically adverse process of clonal evolution [10]. A resulting delay with HSCT in adult patients with Ph+ALL also remains unacceptable.
Conclusion
Our data show broad cytogenetic heterogeneity among leukemia patients with Ph+ ALL before HSCT. A significant subgroup exhibits additional chromosomal abnormalities which are associated with inferior clinical outcomes post-transplant. This phenomenon can be due to clonal evolution of malignant karyotype, or chemotherapy performed before HSCT, thus requiring further studies in the field.
Conflict of interest
All the authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Недавнее исследование [1] показало, что ДХА оказывают неблагоприятный эффект на результаты трансплантации у взрослых больных Ph+ ОЛЛ.<br> <h3>Пациенты и методы</h3> Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения смешанной когорты больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, 19 детей и 46 взрослых, которым алло-ТГСК была выполнена в нашем университете в период с 2008 по 2015 годы. Среди 65 больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, данные стандартного цитогенетического исследования перед алло-ТГСК были доступны у 53 больных. <br> <h3>Результаты</h3> Тридцать три из 53 больных (51%) имели изолированную транслокацию t(9;22). ДХА были выявлены у 20/53 (31%) больных, включая 13/53 (20%) больных с 3 и более хромосомными аномалиями. Наиболее частыми хромосомами, вовлекающимися в дополнительные нарушения были 1, 5, 7, 9, 22. Структурные аномалии из числа ДХА были несбалансированными у 16 (80%) больных, в то время только 4 (20%) больных имели сбалансированные транслокации. При однофакторном анализе прогностическими факторами, связанными с лучшей ОВ и БСВ были тип донора (совместимый родственный/совместимый неродственный vs. гаплоидентичный; p=0,02), клинический статус на момент ТГСК (1 ремиссия vs. другой статус; p=0,01, только для БСВ), дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА- vs. ДХА+; p=0,04, только для ОВ) и, особенно, комплексные хромосомные аномалии (<3ХА vs ≥3ХА; p=0,01, только для ОВ). Согласно многофакторному анализу независимыми прогностическими факторами клинических исходов являются комплексные хромосомные аномалии на кариотип (HR 2,79, 95% ДИ 1,23-6,34; р=0,01, только для ОВ) и клинический статус на момент ТГСК (HR 2,15, 95% ДИ 1,13-4,09; р=0,01, только для БСВ).<br> <h3>Заключение</h3> Исследование показало, что комплексные хромосомные аномалии и статус заболевания на момент ТГСК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами в смешанной когорте больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, леченных ТГСК. <br> <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Острый лимфобластный лейкоз, Ph1-позитивный, алло-ТГСК, дополнительные хромосомные аномалии." 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string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11006" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(416) "Татьяна Л. Гиндина, Николай Н. Мамаев, Елена С. Николаева, Ирина А. Петрова, Елена И. Дарская, Ольга В. Пирогова, Яна В. Гудожникова, Олеся В. Паина, Александр Л. Алянский, Сергей Н. Бондаренко, Людмила С. Зубаровская, Борис В. Афанасьев" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(416) "Татьяна Л. Гиндина, Николай Н. Мамаев, Елена С. Николаева, Ирина А. Петрова, Елена И. Дарская, Ольга В. Пирогова, Яна В. Гудожникова, Олеся В. Паина, Александр Л. Алянский, Сергей Н. Бондаренко, Людмила С. Зубаровская, Борис В. Афанасьев" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11007" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(420) "НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой; кафедра гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии ПДО, Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(420) "НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой; кафедра гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии ПДО, Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["SUMMARY_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11008" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(4093) "<h3>Резюме</h3> Дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА) при Ph-позитивном остром лимфобластном лейкозе (Ph+ ОЛЛ) встречаются довольно часто, однако, их прогностическое значение в эру тирозин-киназных ингибиторов и аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) до конца не изучено. Недавнее исследование [1] показало, что ДХА оказывают неблагоприятный эффект на результаты трансплантации у взрослых больных Ph+ ОЛЛ.<br> <h3>Пациенты и методы</h3> Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения смешанной когорты больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, 19 детей и 46 взрослых, которым алло-ТГСК была выполнена в нашем университете в период с 2008 по 2015 годы. Среди 65 больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, данные стандартного цитогенетического исследования перед алло-ТГСК были доступны у 53 больных. <br> <h3>Результаты</h3> Тридцать три из 53 больных (51%) имели изолированную транслокацию t(9;22). ДХА были выявлены у 20/53 (31%) больных, включая 13/53 (20%) больных с 3 и более хромосомными аномалиями. Наиболее частыми хромосомами, вовлекающимися в дополнительные нарушения были 1, 5, 7, 9, 22. Структурные аномалии из числа ДХА были несбалансированными у 16 (80%) больных, в то время только 4 (20%) больных имели сбалансированные транслокации. При однофакторном анализе прогностическими факторами, связанными с лучшей ОВ и БСВ были тип донора (совместимый родственный/совместимый неродственный vs. гаплоидентичный; p=0,02), клинический статус на момент ТГСК (1 ремиссия vs. другой статус; p=0,01, только для БСВ), дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА- vs. ДХА+; p=0,04, только для ОВ) и, особенно, комплексные хромосомные аномалии (<3ХА vs ≥3ХА; p=0,01, только для ОВ). Согласно многофакторному анализу независимыми прогностическими факторами клинических исходов являются комплексные хромосомные аномалии на кариотип (HR 2,79, 95% ДИ 1,23-6,34; р=0,01, только для ОВ) и клинический статус на момент ТГСК (HR 2,15, 95% ДИ 1,13-4,09; р=0,01, только для БСВ).<br> <h3>Заключение</h3> Исследование показало, что комплексные хромосомные аномалии и статус заболевания на момент ТГСК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами в смешанной когорте больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, леченных ТГСК. <br> <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Острый лимфобластный лейкоз, Ph1-позитивный, алло-ТГСК, дополнительные хромосомные аномалии." ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(4005) "
Резюме
Дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА) при Ph-позитивном остром лимфобластном лейкозе (Ph+ ОЛЛ) встречаются довольно часто, однако, их прогностическое значение в эру тирозин-киназных ингибиторов и аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) до конца не изучено. Недавнее исследование [1] показало, что ДХА оказывают неблагоприятный эффект на результаты трансплантации у взрослых больных Ph+ ОЛЛ.Пациенты и методы
Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения смешанной когорты больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, 19 детей и 46 взрослых, которым алло-ТГСК была выполнена в нашем университете в период с 2008 по 2015 годы. Среди 65 больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, данные стандартного цитогенетического исследования перед алло-ТГСК были доступны у 53 больных.Результаты
Тридцать три из 53 больных (51%) имели изолированную транслокацию t(9;22). ДХА были выявлены у 20/53 (31%) больных, включая 13/53 (20%) больных с 3 и более хромосомными аномалиями. Наиболее частыми хромосомами, вовлекающимися в дополнительные нарушения были 1, 5, 7, 9, 22. Структурные аномалии из числа ДХА были несбалансированными у 16 (80%) больных, в то время только 4 (20%) больных имели сбалансированные транслокации. При однофакторном анализе прогностическими факторами, связанными с лучшей ОВ и БСВ были тип донора (совместимый родственный/совместимый неродственный vs. гаплоидентичный; p=0,02), клинический статус на момент ТГСК (1 ремиссия vs. другой статус; p=0,01, только для БСВ), дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА- vs. ДХА+; p=0,04, только для ОВ) и, особенно, комплексные хромосомные аномалии (<3ХА vs ≥3ХА; p=0,01, только для ОВ). Согласно многофакторному анализу независимыми прогностическими факторами клинических исходов являются комплексные хромосомные аномалии на кариотип (HR 2,79, 95% ДИ 1,23-6,34; р=0,01, только для ОВ) и клинический статус на момент ТГСК (HR 2,15, 95% ДИ 1,13-4,09; р=0,01, только для БСВ).Заключение
Исследование показало, что комплексные хромосомные аномалии и статус заболевания на момент ТГСК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами в смешанной когорте больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, леченных ТГСК.Ключевые слова
Острый лимфобластный лейкоз, Ph1-позитивный, алло-ТГСК, дополнительные хромосомные аномалии." 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Gindina, Nikolai N. Mamaev, Elena S. Nikolaeva, Irina A. Petrova, Elena I. Darskaya, Olga V. Pirogova, Yana V. Gudozhnikova, Olesya V. Paina, Alexander L. Alyanskyi, Sergey N. Bondarenko, Ludmila S. Zubarovskaya, Boris V. Afanasyev" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(242) "Tatiana L. Gindina, Nikolai N. Mamaev, Elena S. Nikolaeva, Irina A. Petrova, Elena I. Darskaya, Olga V. Pirogova, Yana V. Gudozhnikova, Olesya V. Paina, Alexander L. Alyanskyi, Sergey N. Bondarenko, Ludmila S. Zubarovskaya, Boris V. Afanasyev" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11033" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(241) "R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(241) "R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["SUMMARY_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "39" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(21) "Description / Summary" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "39" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11034" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2343) "Additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) are rather common in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, their prognostic significance in the era of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still poorly known. A recent study [1] has shown that ACA exert unfavorable effect upon HSCT results in adult patients with Ph+ALL. <h3>Patients and methods</h3> We have performed a retrospective analysis of treatment results for a mixed cohort of the patients with Ph+ ALL, including 19 children (aged 5 – 18 y.o.) and 46 adults (aged 19 – 57 y.o.) who received allo-HSCT at our Institute over 2008 to 2015. Among sixty-five subjects with Ph+ ALL, the results of standard cytogenetic studies were available for 53 patients. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-three patients of 53 (51%) exhibited an isolated t(9;22) translocation. ACA were revealed in 20/53 patients (31%), including 13/53 (20%) subjects with 3 and more chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 22 were most commonly affected with additional anomalies. Structural abnormalities attributable to ACA were imbalanced in 16 patients (80%), whereas only 4 patients (20%) showed balanced translocations. In a univariate analysis, significance was shown for the donor type (matched related and unrelated vs haploidentical, p=0.02), clinical stage at HSCT (1st remission vs other stages, p=0.01, for EFS only), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA-negative vs ACA-positive, p=0.04, for OS only), and, in particular, complex chromosomal aberrations (<3 anomalies vs ≥3 anomalies, p=0.01, for OS only). According to multivariate analysis, the number of additional chromosomal abnormalities per karyotype (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23-6.34; р=0.01, for OS only) and clinical stage at HSCT (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.09; р=0.01, for EFS only) are independent prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study has shown that complex chromosomal anomalies and the stage of disease at the moment of HSCT are independent prognostic factors in a mixed cohort of Ph+ ALL patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. <h3>Keywords</h3> Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph1-positive, allo-HSCT, additional chromosomal abnormalities. " ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2292) "Additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) are rather common in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, their prognostic significance in the era of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still poorly known. A recent study [1] has shown that ACA exert unfavorable effect upon HSCT results in adult patients with Ph+ALL.Patients and methods
We have performed a retrospective analysis of treatment results for a mixed cohort of the patients with Ph+ ALL, including 19 children (aged 5 – 18 y.o.) and 46 adults (aged 19 – 57 y.o.) who received allo-HSCT at our Institute over 2008 to 2015. Among sixty-five subjects with Ph+ ALL, the results of standard cytogenetic studies were available for 53 patients.Results
Thirty-three patients of 53 (51%) exhibited an isolated t(9;22) translocation. ACA were revealed in 20/53 patients (31%), including 13/53 (20%) subjects with 3 and more chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 22 were most commonly affected with additional anomalies. Structural abnormalities attributable to ACA were imbalanced in 16 patients (80%), whereas only 4 patients (20%) showed balanced translocations. In a univariate analysis, significance was shown for the donor type (matched related and unrelated vs haploidentical, p=0.02), clinical stage at HSCT (1st remission vs other stages, p=0.01, for EFS only), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA-negative vs ACA-positive, p=0.04, for OS only), and, in particular, complex chromosomal aberrations (<3 anomalies vs ≥3 anomalies, p=0.01, for OS only). According to multivariate analysis, the number of additional chromosomal abnormalities per karyotype (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23-6.34; р=0.01, for OS only) and clinical stage at HSCT (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.09; р=0.01, for EFS only) are independent prognostic factors for clinical outcomes.Conclusion
The study has shown that complex chromosomal anomalies and the stage of disease at the moment of HSCT are independent prognostic factors in a mixed cohort of Ph+ ALL patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Keywords
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph1-positive, allo-HSCT, additional chromosomal abnormalities. 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Gindina, Nikolai N. Mamaev, Elena S. Nikolaeva, Irina A. Petrova, Elena I. Darskaya, Olga V. Pirogova, Yana V. Gudozhnikova, Olesya V. Paina, Alexander L. Alyanskyi, Sergey N. Bondarenko, Ludmila S. Zubarovskaya, Boris V. Afanasyev" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(242) "Tatiana L. Gindina, Nikolai N. Mamaev, Elena S. Nikolaeva, Irina A. Petrova, Elena I. Darskaya, Olga V. Pirogova, Yana V. Gudozhnikova, Olesya V. Paina, Alexander L. Alyanskyi, Sergey N. Bondarenko, Ludmila S. Zubarovskaya, Boris V. Afanasyev" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(242) "Tatiana L. Gindina, Nikolai N. Mamaev, Elena S. Nikolaeva, Irina A. Petrova, Elena I. Darskaya, Olga V. Pirogova, Yana V. 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However, their prognostic significance in the era of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still poorly known. A recent study [1] has shown that ACA exert unfavorable effect upon HSCT results in adult patients with Ph+ALL. <h3>Patients and methods</h3> We have performed a retrospective analysis of treatment results for a mixed cohort of the patients with Ph+ ALL, including 19 children (aged 5 – 18 y.o.) and 46 adults (aged 19 – 57 y.o.) who received allo-HSCT at our Institute over 2008 to 2015. Among sixty-five subjects with Ph+ ALL, the results of standard cytogenetic studies were available for 53 patients. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-three patients of 53 (51%) exhibited an isolated t(9;22) translocation. ACA were revealed in 20/53 patients (31%), including 13/53 (20%) subjects with 3 and more chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 22 were most commonly affected with additional anomalies. Structural abnormalities attributable to ACA were imbalanced in 16 patients (80%), whereas only 4 patients (20%) showed balanced translocations. In a univariate analysis, significance was shown for the donor type (matched related and unrelated vs haploidentical, p=0.02), clinical stage at HSCT (1st remission vs other stages, p=0.01, for EFS only), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA-negative vs ACA-positive, p=0.04, for OS only), and, in particular, complex chromosomal aberrations (<3 anomalies vs ≥3 anomalies, p=0.01, for OS only). According to multivariate analysis, the number of additional chromosomal abnormalities per karyotype (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23-6.34; р=0.01, for OS only) and clinical stage at HSCT (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.09; р=0.01, for EFS only) are independent prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study has shown that complex chromosomal anomalies and the stage of disease at the moment of HSCT are independent prognostic factors in a mixed cohort of Ph+ ALL patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. <h3>Keywords</h3> Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph1-positive, allo-HSCT, additional chromosomal abnormalities. " ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2292) "Additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) are rather common in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, their prognostic significance in the era of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still poorly known. A recent study [1] has shown that ACA exert unfavorable effect upon HSCT results in adult patients with Ph+ALL.Patients and methods
We have performed a retrospective analysis of treatment results for a mixed cohort of the patients with Ph+ ALL, including 19 children (aged 5 – 18 y.o.) and 46 adults (aged 19 – 57 y.o.) who received allo-HSCT at our Institute over 2008 to 2015. Among sixty-five subjects with Ph+ ALL, the results of standard cytogenetic studies were available for 53 patients.Results
Thirty-three patients of 53 (51%) exhibited an isolated t(9;22) translocation. ACA were revealed in 20/53 patients (31%), including 13/53 (20%) subjects with 3 and more chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 22 were most commonly affected with additional anomalies. Structural abnormalities attributable to ACA were imbalanced in 16 patients (80%), whereas only 4 patients (20%) showed balanced translocations. In a univariate analysis, significance was shown for the donor type (matched related and unrelated vs haploidentical, p=0.02), clinical stage at HSCT (1st remission vs other stages, p=0.01, for EFS only), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA-negative vs ACA-positive, p=0.04, for OS only), and, in particular, complex chromosomal aberrations (<3 anomalies vs ≥3 anomalies, p=0.01, for OS only). According to multivariate analysis, the number of additional chromosomal abnormalities per karyotype (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23-6.34; р=0.01, for OS only) and clinical stage at HSCT (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.09; р=0.01, for EFS only) are independent prognostic factors for clinical outcomes.Conclusion
The study has shown that complex chromosomal anomalies and the stage of disease at the moment of HSCT are independent prognostic factors in a mixed cohort of Ph+ ALL patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Keywords
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph1-positive, allo-HSCT, additional chromosomal abnormalities. " ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(21) "Description / Summary" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(2292) "Additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) are rather common in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, their prognostic significance in the era of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still poorly known. A recent study [1] has shown that ACA exert unfavorable effect upon HSCT results in adult patients with Ph+ALL.Patients and methods
We have performed a retrospective analysis of treatment results for a mixed cohort of the patients with Ph+ ALL, including 19 children (aged 5 – 18 y.o.) and 46 adults (aged 19 – 57 y.o.) who received allo-HSCT at our Institute over 2008 to 2015. Among sixty-five subjects with Ph+ ALL, the results of standard cytogenetic studies were available for 53 patients.Results
Thirty-three patients of 53 (51%) exhibited an isolated t(9;22) translocation. ACA were revealed in 20/53 patients (31%), including 13/53 (20%) subjects with 3 and more chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 22 were most commonly affected with additional anomalies. Structural abnormalities attributable to ACA were imbalanced in 16 patients (80%), whereas only 4 patients (20%) showed balanced translocations. In a univariate analysis, significance was shown for the donor type (matched related and unrelated vs haploidentical, p=0.02), clinical stage at HSCT (1st remission vs other stages, p=0.01, for EFS only), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA-negative vs ACA-positive, p=0.04, for OS only), and, in particular, complex chromosomal aberrations (<3 anomalies vs ≥3 anomalies, p=0.01, for OS only). According to multivariate analysis, the number of additional chromosomal abnormalities per karyotype (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23-6.34; р=0.01, for OS only) and clinical stage at HSCT (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.09; р=0.01, for EFS only) are independent prognostic factors for clinical outcomes.Conclusion
The study has shown that complex chromosomal anomalies and the stage of disease at the moment of HSCT are independent prognostic factors in a mixed cohort of Ph+ ALL patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Keywords
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph1-positive, allo-HSCT, additional chromosomal abnormalities. 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Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(241) "R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(241) "R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia" } ["AUTHOR_RU"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "25" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "AUTHOR_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "25" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11006" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(416) "Татьяна Л. Гиндина, Николай Н. Мамаев, Елена С. Николаева, Ирина А. Петрова, Елена И. Дарская, Ольга В. Пирогова, Яна В. Гудожникова, Олеся В. Паина, Александр Л. Алянский, Сергей Н. Бондаренко, Людмила С. Зубаровская, Борис В. Афанасьев" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(416) "Татьяна Л. Гиндина, Николай Н. Мамаев, Елена С. Николаева, Ирина А. Петрова, Елена И. Дарская, Ольга В. Пирогова, Яна В. Гудожникова, Олеся В. Паина, Александр Л. Алянский, Сергей Н. Бондаренко, Людмила С. Зубаровская, Борис В. Афанасьев" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(416) "Татьяна Л. Гиндина, Николай Н. Мамаев, Елена С. Николаева, Ирина А. Петрова, Елена И. Дарская, Ольга В. Пирогова, Яна В. Гудожникова, Олеся В. Паина, Александр Л. Алянский, Сергей Н. Бондаренко, Людмила С. Зубаровская, Борис В. 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Недавнее исследование [1] показало, что ДХА оказывают неблагоприятный эффект на результаты трансплантации у взрослых больных Ph+ ОЛЛ.<br> <h3>Пациенты и методы</h3> Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения смешанной когорты больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, 19 детей и 46 взрослых, которым алло-ТГСК была выполнена в нашем университете в период с 2008 по 2015 годы. Среди 65 больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, данные стандартного цитогенетического исследования перед алло-ТГСК были доступны у 53 больных. <br> <h3>Результаты</h3> Тридцать три из 53 больных (51%) имели изолированную транслокацию t(9;22). ДХА были выявлены у 20/53 (31%) больных, включая 13/53 (20%) больных с 3 и более хромосомными аномалиями. Наиболее частыми хромосомами, вовлекающимися в дополнительные нарушения были 1, 5, 7, 9, 22. Структурные аномалии из числа ДХА были несбалансированными у 16 (80%) больных, в то время только 4 (20%) больных имели сбалансированные транслокации. При однофакторном анализе прогностическими факторами, связанными с лучшей ОВ и БСВ были тип донора (совместимый родственный/совместимый неродственный vs. гаплоидентичный; p=0,02), клинический статус на момент ТГСК (1 ремиссия vs. другой статус; p=0,01, только для БСВ), дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА- vs. ДХА+; p=0,04, только для ОВ) и, особенно, комплексные хромосомные аномалии (<3ХА vs ≥3ХА; p=0,01, только для ОВ). Согласно многофакторному анализу независимыми прогностическими факторами клинических исходов являются комплексные хромосомные аномалии на кариотип (HR 2,79, 95% ДИ 1,23-6,34; р=0,01, только для ОВ) и клинический статус на момент ТГСК (HR 2,15, 95% ДИ 1,13-4,09; р=0,01, только для БСВ).<br> <h3>Заключение</h3> Исследование показало, что комплексные хромосомные аномалии и статус заболевания на момент ТГСК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами в смешанной когорте больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, леченных ТГСК. <br> <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Острый лимфобластный лейкоз, Ph1-позитивный, алло-ТГСК, дополнительные хромосомные аномалии." ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(4005) "Резюме
Дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА) при Ph-позитивном остром лимфобластном лейкозе (Ph+ ОЛЛ) встречаются довольно часто, однако, их прогностическое значение в эру тирозин-киназных ингибиторов и аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) до конца не изучено. Недавнее исследование [1] показало, что ДХА оказывают неблагоприятный эффект на результаты трансплантации у взрослых больных Ph+ ОЛЛ.Пациенты и методы
Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения смешанной когорты больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, 19 детей и 46 взрослых, которым алло-ТГСК была выполнена в нашем университете в период с 2008 по 2015 годы. Среди 65 больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, данные стандартного цитогенетического исследования перед алло-ТГСК были доступны у 53 больных.Результаты
Тридцать три из 53 больных (51%) имели изолированную транслокацию t(9;22). ДХА были выявлены у 20/53 (31%) больных, включая 13/53 (20%) больных с 3 и более хромосомными аномалиями. Наиболее частыми хромосомами, вовлекающимися в дополнительные нарушения были 1, 5, 7, 9, 22. Структурные аномалии из числа ДХА были несбалансированными у 16 (80%) больных, в то время только 4 (20%) больных имели сбалансированные транслокации. При однофакторном анализе прогностическими факторами, связанными с лучшей ОВ и БСВ были тип донора (совместимый родственный/совместимый неродственный vs. гаплоидентичный; p=0,02), клинический статус на момент ТГСК (1 ремиссия vs. другой статус; p=0,01, только для БСВ), дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА- vs. ДХА+; p=0,04, только для ОВ) и, особенно, комплексные хромосомные аномалии (<3ХА vs ≥3ХА; p=0,01, только для ОВ). Согласно многофакторному анализу независимыми прогностическими факторами клинических исходов являются комплексные хромосомные аномалии на кариотип (HR 2,79, 95% ДИ 1,23-6,34; р=0,01, только для ОВ) и клинический статус на момент ТГСК (HR 2,15, 95% ДИ 1,13-4,09; р=0,01, только для БСВ).Заключение
Исследование показало, что комплексные хромосомные аномалии и статус заболевания на момент ТГСК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами в смешанной когорте больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, леченных ТГСК.Ключевые слова
Острый лимфобластный лейкоз, Ph1-позитивный, алло-ТГСК, дополнительные хромосомные аномалии." ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(4005) "Резюме
Дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА) при Ph-позитивном остром лимфобластном лейкозе (Ph+ ОЛЛ) встречаются довольно часто, однако, их прогностическое значение в эру тирозин-киназных ингибиторов и аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) до конца не изучено. Недавнее исследование [1] показало, что ДХА оказывают неблагоприятный эффект на результаты трансплантации у взрослых больных Ph+ ОЛЛ.Пациенты и методы
Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения смешанной когорты больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, 19 детей и 46 взрослых, которым алло-ТГСК была выполнена в нашем университете в период с 2008 по 2015 годы. Среди 65 больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, данные стандартного цитогенетического исследования перед алло-ТГСК были доступны у 53 больных.Результаты
Тридцать три из 53 больных (51%) имели изолированную транслокацию t(9;22). ДХА были выявлены у 20/53 (31%) больных, включая 13/53 (20%) больных с 3 и более хромосомными аномалиями. Наиболее частыми хромосомами, вовлекающимися в дополнительные нарушения были 1, 5, 7, 9, 22. Структурные аномалии из числа ДХА были несбалансированными у 16 (80%) больных, в то время только 4 (20%) больных имели сбалансированные транслокации. При однофакторном анализе прогностическими факторами, связанными с лучшей ОВ и БСВ были тип донора (совместимый родственный/совместимый неродственный vs. гаплоидентичный; p=0,02), клинический статус на момент ТГСК (1 ремиссия vs. другой статус; p=0,01, только для БСВ), дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА- vs. ДХА+; p=0,04, только для ОВ) и, особенно, комплексные хромосомные аномалии (<3ХА vs ≥3ХА; p=0,01, только для ОВ). Согласно многофакторному анализу независимыми прогностическими факторами клинических исходов являются комплексные хромосомные аномалии на кариотип (HR 2,79, 95% ДИ 1,23-6,34; р=0,01, только для ОВ) и клинический статус на момент ТГСК (HR 2,15, 95% ДИ 1,13-4,09; р=0,01, только для БСВ).Заключение
Исследование показало, что комплексные хромосомные аномалии и статус заболевания на момент ТГСК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами в смешанной когорте больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, леченных ТГСК.Ключевые слова
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Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is an effective method of treatment of some solid tumors, hematological, autoimmune and hereditary diseases in children and adults, which is based on providing preceding conditioning (cytostatic and/or radiation therapy) with further intravenous administration of hematopoietic stem cells, to restore bone marrow function in cases of its damage or malfunction [24].
Primary disease status at the time of therapy initiation, and degree of HLA—compatibility between the stem cell recipient fections, in particular — pseudo—membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difi'icile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GVHD, pseudo—membranous colitis and antibiotic—associated diarrhea post—HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial Variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications.
The efficacy of HSCT is limited by several main factors. First of all, primary or secondary resistance to chemotherapy confers high risk of progression or relapse of underlying disease in the posttransplant period. Second, is the frequent mortality from septic complications of nosocomial multi—drug resistant strains of bacteria, including prevalent Clostridium difi'icile, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vancomycin—resistant (VRE). Third, it is immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host” disease (GVHD), occurring due to affection of recipient tissues and organs by lymphocytes of donor origin [1].
GvHD pathogenesis is based on damage of recipient tissues that are recognized as antigens by immune competent cells of the donor [6]. GvHD plays a key role in post-transplan- tation mortality and patient’s quality of life. Most suscepti- ble tissues to damage usually have high proliferative activity, such as skin cells, enterocytes and endothelium of small bile ducts of the liver. In this case, intestinal stem cells and their niche (Paneth cells) are primary targets of intestinal GvHD, along with dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota leading to dys- function of enterocytes, bacterial colonization and, conse- quently, potentiation of systemic inflammatory response [18,26]. Intestinal GvHD is manifested by symptoms of diarrhea in its secretory form. This complication is associated by morphologically seen infiltration of cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD8+), with damage to mucous epithelial cells of stomach and/or intestine. Appropriate histological chang- es can vary from lymphoid infiltration of intestinal mucosa to total destruction of crypts and formation of extensive ne- crotic-ulcerous defects (Fig.1) [13].
Figure 1. Histology changes in acute “graft versus host disease” of intestine [13].
A. Mild degree: focal intraepithelial lymphocytic infiltration (1-2-3 cells, arrows) in part glands with intact integrity and struc- ture of the glands of the mucous membrane.
B. Medium degree: common uneven, often quite abundant lymphocytic infiltration with formation of nuclear foci rexis of epi- thelial cells (arrow) and small foci of subtotal or total destruction of some glands.
C. Severe degree: larger areas of destruction of the mucous membrane, the bottom of defects is loose immature granulation tissue (top right, arrow). Remaining glands are with symptoms of subtotal or total destruction (dotted arrows) or with nuclear rexis of epithelial cells (arrows).
In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a primary organ damaged, thus resulting to enhanced inflammation of immune origin, serious diarrhea, due to GVHD manifestation, and intestinal infections, in particular, pseudo—membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difi'icile associated with massive antibiotic therapy. Consequent elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is among main risk factors for GVHD of GIT, pseudo—membranous colitis and antibiotic—associated diarrhea after HSCT. Frequency of deaths after HSCT is known to be significantly higher in patients with skewed biodiversity of normal microbiota [11].
Intestinal damage after HSCT is clinically manifesting by a maldigestion syndrome which includes anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. These symptoms quickly lead to malfunction of intestinal barrier function, reduced adaptation reserves of the organism, development of protein—energy malnutrition and cachexia.
There are several reasons for high mortality in patients undergoing allo—HSCT. First, long period of pancytopenia which is associated with severe infection complications and requires administration of broad—spectrum antibiotics, which, in turn, leads to partial elimination or lack of normal intestinal microbiota, selection for multi—drug resistant bacterial strains, their subsequent expansion and dominance over normal microbiota (Tab. 1) [20]. Second, intensive chemotherapy and allo—HSCT in most cases leads to altered structure and decreased protective functions of intestinal wall, which is clinically expressed as mucositis which results from direct toxic effects of chemotherapy upon epithelial and Vascular structures of intestine, causing invasion of pathogenic microorganisms into the intestinal wall, in the presence of neutropenia and developing GVHD.
Table 1. Intestinal microbiota: alterations during antibiotic treatment, adapted from Peterson C. et al [20].
Thus, currently available drugs and technologies for treat- ment Of infectious complications and GVHD do not solve the problem Of early mortality among hematological patients after allo-HSCT. Those patients with severe damage Of di- gestive system are at high risk Of fatal outcome, due to infec- tious complications, metabolic disorders, massive intestinal bleeding and increasing cacheXia, even if achieving com- plete remission Of underlying malignant disease following a successful HSCT.
Positive effects of directed microbiota correction
There are conflicting reports on clinical effects Of intestinal microbiota correction. Some Of these approaches have, how- ever, shown their ability tO prevent complications occurring after organ and cell transplantation (Tab. 2).
Table 2. Results of gut microbial interventions upon results of cell/organ transplantation based on review by Wang et al. [29]
Human microbiota
Human intestinal microbiota represents a broad set of obligatory and facultative microorganisms that can cause disease in case of suppressed immunity or immunological incompatibility in the host.
There are two kinds of microorganisms classified by their location in the gut: luminal microbiota, which is located in the intestine indigestible dietary fiber and mucosal, adjacent to epithelial cells of the intestine, being integrated into parietal mucin layer. Both luminal and mucosal microbiota may impact the condition of human body, due to their regulatory interactions, and perform many metabolic effects such as detoxification, suppression of pathogenic microorganisms, regulation of immune system, regeneration of epithelium, synthesis of certain Vitamins and essential amino acids, fat metabolism, etc. Dominating intestinal bacteria include 5 types: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Among them, two types of microbes (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) play a crucial role in development of microbiota till the moment of birth (Tab.3).
Table 3. Intestinal microbiota diversity, by Weber et. al. [30]
Stable composition of intestinal microbiota and regulation of local immune system reactivity are considered the key aspect for its functional activities. One should take into account of short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate) and antimicrobial peptides produced in situ, regulation of formation of T—regulatory cells (Treg) and IgA in bacteria from intestinal lumen. At the level of lamina propria, metabolic maintenance of transforming growth factor (TGFB), integrin CtE (CD103*), dendritic cells, Treg and T—helper (Th17) producing IL—10, IL—22 are important regenerative factors of epithelial cells. At the level of mesenteric lymph node, one should discuss interaction with innate lymphoid cells via a RORyt nuclear receptor, which reduces local inflammation [29]. Preservation of these interactions allows the growth suppression of pathogenic microbiota, eliminate endogenous and exogenous pathogens, maintain structural integrity of intestinal epithelium.
Variability evaluation of intestinal microbiota
Until now, qualitative identification of composed intestinal microbiota, especially anaerobic microorganisms, represents the main problem in diagnostics of many human bacteria that are undetectable by classical bacteriological methods. Implementation of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) procedure into clinical practice and its scientific rationale were largely possible due to development of the microbe identification methods by genome next—generation sequencing (NGS) of bacterial DNAs, and, to a lesser extent, by multiplex real—time polymerase chain (e.g. Colonoflor—16) [8]. Development of the s.c. shotgun next—generation sequencing based on differential analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and identification of distinct molecular isolates allowed precise DNA profiling of microbiota composition from donor and recipient, therefore, characterizing the most appropriate fecal donors, and evaluating microbiological results of the treatment [16]. This sequencing procedure consists of 4 successive stages: selection of microbial DNAs from feces, amplification by PCR V4—5 plots of the 16S rRNA gene, sequencing, comparing individual results with a database of previously studied samples, for example, from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database.
Quantitative 16S RNA analysis in patients with sepsis has revealed sufficient shifts of the main microbial types in the stool samples from the intensive care patients [34]. The workers observed scewed diversity of main microbial communities (1 to 4 bacterial taxa) in 30% of the patients. Bacteria associated with the genera Enterococcus and Staphylococcus and the family Enterobacteriaceae comprised the majority of these communities.
As seen from the Figure 2, normal stool specimens (H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5) were characterized by prevalence of Firmicutes and, in most cases, Bacteroidetes, without Proteobacterial abundance (Fig 2. 1A). In a half of ICU patients (ICU1, ICU4, ICU6, ICU9, ICU11, and ICU15), either Proteobacteria or Firmicutes organisms were totally dominant from at least one time point of stool collection (Fig. 1B and C).
In ICU1, ICU11, and ICU15, the authors observed drastic changes in microbial ratios, with Firmicutes being completely replaced by Proteobacteria. The latter phylum predominated also in most stool samples of the patients ICU6 (Fig 2. 1B) and ICU4 (Fig 2. 1C).
Figure 2. Composition of the gut microbiome at the phylum level determined by molecular analysis of stool samples collected from healthy controls (A), de- ceased ICU patients with severe sepsis (black circles on the time line) (B), and recovered ICU patients (green circles) (C). Dates of stool collection are displayed in numbered quadrants [34].
Hence, the gross shifts in microbial composition in critically ill patients with clinical signs of sepsis are, mainly, unidirectional, leading to exhaustion of large microbial philae. However, these changes seem to be quite heterogenous and need further clarification for bacterial types associated with worse clinical prognosis.
Under common clinical conditions, however, diagnostics of bacterial dysbiosis is performed for planning different therapeutic measures, including clinical FMT effects. Evaluation of gastrointestinal microflora and mucosa is, generally, performed by means of the following microbiological methods:
— conventional bacteriological tests (microscopy, seeding, assessment of antibiotic resistance).
— biopsy of stomach and/or intestine mucosa with subsequent histology and immunophenotyping of local lymphocytes; verification of infectious lesions at the intestinal mucosa;
— definition of Clostridium difi'icile toxin A and B in stool;
— fecal calprotectin in stool etc.
Fecal microbiota transplantation
In the recent years, FMT was actively developing as a meth- od to restore functional and anatomical integrity of intes- tinal microbiota in appropriate clinical situations (Fig.3) [12,14,21,].
Typical changes of intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases include reduced diversity of obligate micro- organisms, especially, deficiency of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes [3]. Ultimately, this leads to lack of butyrate synthesis by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. This metabolite is a local anti-inflammatory agent, acting via IL-8 inhibition [25]. The main known mechanisms of FMT action include com- petition for nutrients, direct inhibition of excessive pathogen growth, modulation of host immune system by interaction with normal microbiota. FMT seems to be more effective, than use of probiotic preparations, in restoring altered intes- tinal microbiota, since the latter is unable to colonize intesti- nal space for an extended period.
FMT also allows correction of both microbiota in digestive ways, and microbial spectrum of other body areas (mouth, lungs, urinary routes, etc.) to less pathogenic species which are more sensitive to antibiotics. This effect can be used to eradicate antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria strains based on natural competition and antagonism between the microorganisms [8].
In 2014, a meta-analysis of clinical studies showed that FMT was effective in 87% of diarrhea cases (a total of 536 patients) caused by Clostridium difficile, with primary resistance to prior therapy with metronidazole and vancomycin [2]. The transplant administration route was an important factor af- fecting treatment outcomes, i.e., the microflora delivery to the stomach yielded 81% of clinical success; to duodenum, 86%; via ascending part of the colon (with fibrocolonosco- py), 93% response; to descending colon by means of deep enema, 84% of successful treatment.
A subsequent review article discussed 45 clinical studies (112 patients), showing ambiguous FMT efficiency in inflamma- tory bowel disease, i.e., only 0 to 68% of the patients achieved clinical remission [22]. The authors noted that possible fail- ure of FMT could be connected, on the one hand, with poor state of donor’s microbiota, especially, reduced microbial di- versity. On the other hand, severe malfunction of patient’s GIT with high values of the Mayo scores could also influence the outcomes.
The attempts of clinical FMT implementation are carried out not only in clinical conditions related to intestinal infections, but also presumed irregularities between altered microbiota and immune system imbalance, such as irritable bowel syn- drome, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes type 2, autism, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease [5]. There are single reports on FMT performed in order to treat sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and to eliminate vancomycin-resistant bacteria [32].
Figure 3. Fecal microbiota transplantation scheme [15].
Increasing number of clinical research reporting successful outcomes of FMT in various diseases is accompanied by arrangement of the first specialized biobank in 2012. This USA—based facility was established for storage of fecal samples for FMT. Currently, the biobank is linked to more than 750 clinics at all the 50 USA states providing an opportunity for a constant access to the samples of donor fecal microbiota. The method was adopted and regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2013, this body has approved FMT as a therapeutic method for treatment of refractory infections associated with Clostridi'um difi'icile, for controlled clinical studies (“policy with respect to the investigational new drug requirements for use of fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Clostridi'um difi'ici'le infection not responding to standard treatment”) [27].
On the basis of clinical research, FMT was included to the Guidelines issued by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECMID) concerning treatment of Vancomycin—resistant (VRE) infections caused by Clostridium difi'icile, at the AI level of evidence [4]. However, infections associated with Clostridi'um difi'icile, are just among potential indications for the FMT usage. Similarly, the FMT use was approved by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization as an approach to treatment of chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases [21].
Similarly, FMT can significantly modulate immune function and have positive effects on other GIT inflammatory processes of immune origin, in particular, resistant graft—versushost—disease GVHD of intestine. In fact, several researchers confirm that preventive use of FMT leads to a decreased risk of infectious complications during treatment of hematological diseases [16].
Despite some encouraging results of FMT—assisted treatment, it is still rarely used in severely immunocompromised patients, e.g., after alloHSCT. This may be due to low performance status of HSCT recipients, severely damaged gastrointestinal mucosa associated with infectious complications and risk of microbial dissemination with a transplanted donor microbiota. However, it is important to mention, that the transplanted microorganisms potentially substitute multi—drug resistant flora due to natural antagonism and improve the control over infectious complications with standard antibiotics.
Donor selection and transplant delivery of fecal microbiota
Optimal donor selection for FMT is still an uncertain aspect in FMT implementation. Some medical, ethical and economic issues should be resolved, e.g., which kind of graft will be indicated in certain cases, either being related, unrelated or autologous. From economic and ethical viewpoints, an optimal solution is to use autologous source of transplant. However, qualitative composition of a patient’s microbiota is often changed dramatically after previous courses of chemoand antibiotic therapy. Allogeneic donors may be found among healthy relatives: mother, father, siblings. However, “healthy” donor is not yet proven to be the best option for HSCT patient. Development of relevant biobanks will help to resolve the problem of a donor search/selection.
To perform a successful FMT, it is necessary to follow several factors. First of all, an accurate donor selection, must match, on the one hand, classical infectious requirements for allogeneic donor, and should not have any GIT comorbidities or oncologic diseases. On the other hand, the transplant should possess a normally present, diverse intestinal microbiota free of certain virulent pathogens. The standard technology of graft preparation should be used. Is it well developed and tested depending on the form of its delivery, and necessity of long—term storage [28].
Another important factor determining efficiency depends on the transplant delivery route. Currently, there are several options: introduction of donor microbiota to the upper GIT by means of oral capsules; bringing it to the stomach via a gastroscope channel; microbiota delivery to duodenal space with a nasointestinal tube or PEG gastrostomy; delivery to colon, using deep enema, or by means of colonoscopy [33]. Each method has its indications and advantages but, from the point of “engraftment” probability, a multiple delivery to the coecal region by means of colonoscopy is now considered to be the most effective approach (93%). The delivery technologies evolve continuously, aiming at both improving efficiency and increasing patient comfort. E.g., transendoscopic delivery to the cecum with pin—assisted tube fixation, and use of oral capsules are the most promising procedures now [19]. Another important question is the necessity of anesthesia upon delivery of donor’s transplant. In our opinion, the use of medical sedation is required not only for children, but in adults as well, for ethical reasons and better compliance.
Of the new trends, different methods of preparing matrices for transplanted microorganisms should be mentioned, for example, usage of pectin carriers, to increase fermentation activity of the dietary fibers, with synthesis of short chain fatty acids, thus allowing faster multiplication of the donor microorganisms [31].
Features of fecal microbiota transplantation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Allo—HSCT negatively influences patient’s normal microbiota, due to a number of specific factors, e.g., low—microbial diets, often leading to the development of malnutrition; intestinal decontamination associated with eradication of obligate microorganisms, application of cytotoxic drugs and/ or radiation that damage GIT epithelial cells. Along with antibiotic therapy, the above factors lead to severe alterations of bacterial microbiota, development of pathogenic multidrug—resistant microbiota, presumably increasing the risk of acute GVHD [10,23].
Worldwide clinical experience shows, that GVHD of intestine treatment with basic immunosuppressive drugs of different generations is often insufficient to prevent excessive inflammatory response and relief of a diarrhea syndrome. Systemic antibiotic therapy, oral decontamination with non—absorbable antibiotics is ineffective for a significant number of patients with detectable colonization with Clostridium diffici'le. Up to 40% of patients with infection associated with Clostridium difi'icile, are resistant to metronidazole or vancomycin therapy [7]. Massive use of antibiotics post—HSCT leads to significant disturbances of intestinal microbiota homeostasis, whereas use of probiotic bacterial formulae may be ineffective due to their inability to colonize the intestinal spaces for an extended time period.
According to our data, diarrhea after allo—HSCT is observed in 79% of cases and can persist for several months, thus eventually leading to development of cachexia and lethal infectious complications. At the R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute for Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, we have a successful experience of FMT in four patients after allo—HSCT — adults (n:2) and children (n:2) with prolonged severe diarrheal syndrome, due to immune and infectious complications [8].
Hence, the general idea of using FMT in HSCT looks promising in many aspects: prevention and treatment of infectious complications, prophylaxis of a malabsorption syndrome, and prevention of cachexia, as well as the treatment of steroid—resistant intestinal forms of acute GVHD [12].
Conclusion
A significantly decreased survival is observed in cases of post—HSCT infectious complications resistant to standard antimicrobial therapy, due to increasing mortality caused by septic conditions, usually associated with pathogenic microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difi'icile, Acinetobacter baumannii. Prolonged antibiotic therapy seems to be a key factor leading to multi—drug resistance of some gut bacteria which in turn, may be a trigger to a severe GVHD. Development of intestinal GVHD in most cases leads to the inability of adequate nutrition, along with a maldigestion and malabsorption syndrome, which ultimately leads to protein—energy malnutrition, cachexia and reduced quality of life. Both in sepsis and GVHD, severe changes are observed in qualitative composition and ratios of microbiota living in human gut and other areas of the body.
Initial clinical experience with effective and safe FMT treatment in heavily pretreated category of patients allows to consider this method complementary additional or, in some cases, an alternative technology of therapy for infectious and immune complications after allo—HSCT. FMT results into changes of intestinal microbiota composition, which may help to eradicate multi—drug resistant gut infections, e.g., Clostridium difi'icile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, to reduce antibiotic—associated diarrhea, to replace resistant bacterial species in other areas of the body, and to change microbial profile to a less—virulent landscape.
Further implementation of FMT in clinical practice requires a detailed study, including optimization of criteria for the therapy initiation, selection of the most matched donors by means of multiplex DNA diagnostics, or next—generation DNA sequencing of microbiota, evaluation of long—term efficacy and safety of the transplants.
Conflict of interests
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Gastrointestinal damage after HSCT
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is an effective method of treatment of some solid tumors, hematological, autoimmune and hereditary diseases in children and adults, which is based on providing preceding conditioning (cytostatic and/or radiation therapy) with further intravenous administration of hematopoietic stem cells, to restore bone marrow function in cases of its damage or malfunction [24].
Primary disease status at the time of therapy initiation, and degree of HLA—compatibility between the stem cell recipient fections, in particular — pseudo—membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difi'icile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GVHD, pseudo—membranous colitis and antibiotic—associated diarrhea post—HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial Variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications.
The efficacy of HSCT is limited by several main factors. First of all, primary or secondary resistance to chemotherapy confers high risk of progression or relapse of underlying disease in the posttransplant period. Second, is the frequent mortality from septic complications of nosocomial multi—drug resistant strains of bacteria, including prevalent Clostridium difi'icile, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vancomycin—resistant (VRE). Third, it is immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host” disease (GVHD), occurring due to affection of recipient tissues and organs by lymphocytes of donor origin [1].
GvHD pathogenesis is based on damage of recipient tissues that are recognized as antigens by immune competent cells of the donor [6]. GvHD plays a key role in post-transplan- tation mortality and patient’s quality of life. Most suscepti- ble tissues to damage usually have high proliferative activity, such as skin cells, enterocytes and endothelium of small bile ducts of the liver. In this case, intestinal stem cells and their niche (Paneth cells) are primary targets of intestinal GvHD, along with dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota leading to dys- function of enterocytes, bacterial colonization and, conse- quently, potentiation of systemic inflammatory response [18,26]. Intestinal GvHD is manifested by symptoms of diarrhea in its secretory form. This complication is associated by morphologically seen infiltration of cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD8+), with damage to mucous epithelial cells of stomach and/or intestine. Appropriate histological chang- es can vary from lymphoid infiltration of intestinal mucosa to total destruction of crypts and formation of extensive ne- crotic-ulcerous defects (Fig.1) [13].
Figure 1. Histology changes in acute “graft versus host disease” of intestine [13].
A. Mild degree: focal intraepithelial lymphocytic infiltration (1-2-3 cells, arrows) in part glands with intact integrity and struc- ture of the glands of the mucous membrane.
B. Medium degree: common uneven, often quite abundant lymphocytic infiltration with formation of nuclear foci rexis of epi- thelial cells (arrow) and small foci of subtotal or total destruction of some glands.
C. Severe degree: larger areas of destruction of the mucous membrane, the bottom of defects is loose immature granulation tissue (top right, arrow). Remaining glands are with symptoms of subtotal or total destruction (dotted arrows) or with nuclear rexis of epithelial cells (arrows).
In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a primary organ damaged, thus resulting to enhanced inflammation of immune origin, serious diarrhea, due to GVHD manifestation, and intestinal infections, in particular, pseudo—membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difi'icile associated with massive antibiotic therapy. Consequent elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is among main risk factors for GVHD of GIT, pseudo—membranous colitis and antibiotic—associated diarrhea after HSCT. Frequency of deaths after HSCT is known to be significantly higher in patients with skewed biodiversity of normal microbiota [11].
Intestinal damage after HSCT is clinically manifesting by a maldigestion syndrome which includes anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. These symptoms quickly lead to malfunction of intestinal barrier function, reduced adaptation reserves of the organism, development of protein—energy malnutrition and cachexia.
There are several reasons for high mortality in patients undergoing allo—HSCT. First, long period of pancytopenia which is associated with severe infection complications and requires administration of broad—spectrum antibiotics, which, in turn, leads to partial elimination or lack of normal intestinal microbiota, selection for multi—drug resistant bacterial strains, their subsequent expansion and dominance over normal microbiota (Tab. 1) [20]. Second, intensive chemotherapy and allo—HSCT in most cases leads to altered structure and decreased protective functions of intestinal wall, which is clinically expressed as mucositis which results from direct toxic effects of chemotherapy upon epithelial and Vascular structures of intestine, causing invasion of pathogenic microorganisms into the intestinal wall, in the presence of neutropenia and developing GVHD.
Table 1. Intestinal microbiota: alterations during antibiotic treatment, adapted from Peterson C. et al [20].
Thus, currently available drugs and technologies for treat- ment Of infectious complications and GVHD do not solve the problem Of early mortality among hematological patients after allo-HSCT. Those patients with severe damage Of di- gestive system are at high risk Of fatal outcome, due to infec- tious complications, metabolic disorders, massive intestinal bleeding and increasing cacheXia, even if achieving com- plete remission Of underlying malignant disease following a successful HSCT.
Positive effects of directed microbiota correction
There are conflicting reports on clinical effects Of intestinal microbiota correction. Some Of these approaches have, how- ever, shown their ability tO prevent complications occurring after organ and cell transplantation (Tab. 2).
Table 2. Results of gut microbial interventions upon results of cell/organ transplantation based on review by Wang et al. [29]
Human microbiota
Human intestinal microbiota represents a broad set of obligatory and facultative microorganisms that can cause disease in case of suppressed immunity or immunological incompatibility in the host.
There are two kinds of microorganisms classified by their location in the gut: luminal microbiota, which is located in the intestine indigestible dietary fiber and mucosal, adjacent to epithelial cells of the intestine, being integrated into parietal mucin layer. Both luminal and mucosal microbiota may impact the condition of human body, due to their regulatory interactions, and perform many metabolic effects such as detoxification, suppression of pathogenic microorganisms, regulation of immune system, regeneration of epithelium, synthesis of certain Vitamins and essential amino acids, fat metabolism, etc. Dominating intestinal bacteria include 5 types: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Among them, two types of microbes (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) play a crucial role in development of microbiota till the moment of birth (Tab.3).
Table 3. Intestinal microbiota diversity, by Weber et. al. [30]
Stable composition of intestinal microbiota and regulation of local immune system reactivity are considered the key aspect for its functional activities. One should take into account of short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate) and antimicrobial peptides produced in situ, regulation of formation of T—regulatory cells (Treg) and IgA in bacteria from intestinal lumen. At the level of lamina propria, metabolic maintenance of transforming growth factor (TGFB), integrin CtE (CD103*), dendritic cells, Treg and T—helper (Th17) producing IL—10, IL—22 are important regenerative factors of epithelial cells. At the level of mesenteric lymph node, one should discuss interaction with innate lymphoid cells via a RORyt nuclear receptor, which reduces local inflammation [29]. Preservation of these interactions allows the growth suppression of pathogenic microbiota, eliminate endogenous and exogenous pathogens, maintain structural integrity of intestinal epithelium.
Variability evaluation of intestinal microbiota
Until now, qualitative identification of composed intestinal microbiota, especially anaerobic microorganisms, represents the main problem in diagnostics of many human bacteria that are undetectable by classical bacteriological methods. Implementation of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) procedure into clinical practice and its scientific rationale were largely possible due to development of the microbe identification methods by genome next—generation sequencing (NGS) of bacterial DNAs, and, to a lesser extent, by multiplex real—time polymerase chain (e.g. Colonoflor—16) [8]. Development of the s.c. shotgun next—generation sequencing based on differential analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and identification of distinct molecular isolates allowed precise DNA profiling of microbiota composition from donor and recipient, therefore, characterizing the most appropriate fecal donors, and evaluating microbiological results of the treatment [16]. This sequencing procedure consists of 4 successive stages: selection of microbial DNAs from feces, amplification by PCR V4—5 plots of the 16S rRNA gene, sequencing, comparing individual results with a database of previously studied samples, for example, from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database.
Quantitative 16S RNA analysis in patients with sepsis has revealed sufficient shifts of the main microbial types in the stool samples from the intensive care patients [34]. The workers observed scewed diversity of main microbial communities (1 to 4 bacterial taxa) in 30% of the patients. Bacteria associated with the genera Enterococcus and Staphylococcus and the family Enterobacteriaceae comprised the majority of these communities.
As seen from the Figure 2, normal stool specimens (H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5) were characterized by prevalence of Firmicutes and, in most cases, Bacteroidetes, without Proteobacterial abundance (Fig 2. 1A). In a half of ICU patients (ICU1, ICU4, ICU6, ICU9, ICU11, and ICU15), either Proteobacteria or Firmicutes organisms were totally dominant from at least one time point of stool collection (Fig. 1B and C).
In ICU1, ICU11, and ICU15, the authors observed drastic changes in microbial ratios, with Firmicutes being completely replaced by Proteobacteria. The latter phylum predominated also in most stool samples of the patients ICU6 (Fig 2. 1B) and ICU4 (Fig 2. 1C).
Figure 2. Composition of the gut microbiome at the phylum level determined by molecular analysis of stool samples collected from healthy controls (A), de- ceased ICU patients with severe sepsis (black circles on the time line) (B), and recovered ICU patients (green circles) (C). Dates of stool collection are displayed in numbered quadrants [34].
Hence, the gross shifts in microbial composition in critically ill patients with clinical signs of sepsis are, mainly, unidirectional, leading to exhaustion of large microbial philae. However, these changes seem to be quite heterogenous and need further clarification for bacterial types associated with worse clinical prognosis.
Under common clinical conditions, however, diagnostics of bacterial dysbiosis is performed for planning different therapeutic measures, including clinical FMT effects. Evaluation of gastrointestinal microflora and mucosa is, generally, performed by means of the following microbiological methods:
— conventional bacteriological tests (microscopy, seeding, assessment of antibiotic resistance).
— biopsy of stomach and/or intestine mucosa with subsequent histology and immunophenotyping of local lymphocytes; verification of infectious lesions at the intestinal mucosa;
— definition of Clostridium difi'icile toxin A and B in stool;
— fecal calprotectin in stool etc.
Fecal microbiota transplantation
In the recent years, FMT was actively developing as a meth- od to restore functional and anatomical integrity of intes- tinal microbiota in appropriate clinical situations (Fig.3) [12,14,21,].
Typical changes of intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases include reduced diversity of obligate micro- organisms, especially, deficiency of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes [3]. Ultimately, this leads to lack of butyrate synthesis by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. This metabolite is a local anti-inflammatory agent, acting via IL-8 inhibition [25]. The main known mechanisms of FMT action include com- petition for nutrients, direct inhibition of excessive pathogen growth, modulation of host immune system by interaction with normal microbiota. FMT seems to be more effective, than use of probiotic preparations, in restoring altered intes- tinal microbiota, since the latter is unable to colonize intesti- nal space for an extended period.
FMT also allows correction of both microbiota in digestive ways, and microbial spectrum of other body areas (mouth, lungs, urinary routes, etc.) to less pathogenic species which are more sensitive to antibiotics. This effect can be used to eradicate antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria strains based on natural competition and antagonism between the microorganisms [8].
In 2014, a meta-analysis of clinical studies showed that FMT was effective in 87% of diarrhea cases (a total of 536 patients) caused by Clostridium difficile, with primary resistance to prior therapy with metronidazole and vancomycin [2]. The transplant administration route was an important factor af- fecting treatment outcomes, i.e., the microflora delivery to the stomach yielded 81% of clinical success; to duodenum, 86%; via ascending part of the colon (with fibrocolonosco- py), 93% response; to descending colon by means of deep enema, 84% of successful treatment.
A subsequent review article discussed 45 clinical studies (112 patients), showing ambiguous FMT efficiency in inflamma- tory bowel disease, i.e., only 0 to 68% of the patients achieved clinical remission [22]. The authors noted that possible fail- ure of FMT could be connected, on the one hand, with poor state of donor’s microbiota, especially, reduced microbial di- versity. On the other hand, severe malfunction of patient’s GIT with high values of the Mayo scores could also influence the outcomes.
The attempts of clinical FMT implementation are carried out not only in clinical conditions related to intestinal infections, but also presumed irregularities between altered microbiota and immune system imbalance, such as irritable bowel syn- drome, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes type 2, autism, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease [5]. There are single reports on FMT performed in order to treat sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and to eliminate vancomycin-resistant bacteria [32].
Figure 3. Fecal microbiota transplantation scheme [15].
Increasing number of clinical research reporting successful outcomes of FMT in various diseases is accompanied by arrangement of the first specialized biobank in 2012. This USA—based facility was established for storage of fecal samples for FMT. Currently, the biobank is linked to more than 750 clinics at all the 50 USA states providing an opportunity for a constant access to the samples of donor fecal microbiota. The method was adopted and regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2013, this body has approved FMT as a therapeutic method for treatment of refractory infections associated with Clostridi'um difi'icile, for controlled clinical studies (“policy with respect to the investigational new drug requirements for use of fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Clostridi'um difi'ici'le infection not responding to standard treatment”) [27].
On the basis of clinical research, FMT was included to the Guidelines issued by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECMID) concerning treatment of Vancomycin—resistant (VRE) infections caused by Clostridium difi'icile, at the AI level of evidence [4]. However, infections associated with Clostridi'um difi'icile, are just among potential indications for the FMT usage. Similarly, the FMT use was approved by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization as an approach to treatment of chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases [21].
Similarly, FMT can significantly modulate immune function and have positive effects on other GIT inflammatory processes of immune origin, in particular, resistant graft—versushost—disease GVHD of intestine. In fact, several researchers confirm that preventive use of FMT leads to a decreased risk of infectious complications during treatment of hematological diseases [16].
Despite some encouraging results of FMT—assisted treatment, it is still rarely used in severely immunocompromised patients, e.g., after alloHSCT. This may be due to low performance status of HSCT recipients, severely damaged gastrointestinal mucosa associated with infectious complications and risk of microbial dissemination with a transplanted donor microbiota. However, it is important to mention, that the transplanted microorganisms potentially substitute multi—drug resistant flora due to natural antagonism and improve the control over infectious complications with standard antibiotics.
Donor selection and transplant delivery of fecal microbiota
Optimal donor selection for FMT is still an uncertain aspect in FMT implementation. Some medical, ethical and economic issues should be resolved, e.g., which kind of graft will be indicated in certain cases, either being related, unrelated or autologous. From economic and ethical viewpoints, an optimal solution is to use autologous source of transplant. However, qualitative composition of a patient’s microbiota is often changed dramatically after previous courses of chemoand antibiotic therapy. Allogeneic donors may be found among healthy relatives: mother, father, siblings. However, “healthy” donor is not yet proven to be the best option for HSCT patient. Development of relevant biobanks will help to resolve the problem of a donor search/selection.
To perform a successful FMT, it is necessary to follow several factors. First of all, an accurate donor selection, must match, on the one hand, classical infectious requirements for allogeneic donor, and should not have any GIT comorbidities or oncologic diseases. On the other hand, the transplant should possess a normally present, diverse intestinal microbiota free of certain virulent pathogens. The standard technology of graft preparation should be used. Is it well developed and tested depending on the form of its delivery, and necessity of long—term storage [28].
Another important factor determining efficiency depends on the transplant delivery route. Currently, there are several options: introduction of donor microbiota to the upper GIT by means of oral capsules; bringing it to the stomach via a gastroscope channel; microbiota delivery to duodenal space with a nasointestinal tube or PEG gastrostomy; delivery to colon, using deep enema, or by means of colonoscopy [33]. Each method has its indications and advantages but, from the point of “engraftment” probability, a multiple delivery to the coecal region by means of colonoscopy is now considered to be the most effective approach (93%). The delivery technologies evolve continuously, aiming at both improving efficiency and increasing patient comfort. E.g., transendoscopic delivery to the cecum with pin—assisted tube fixation, and use of oral capsules are the most promising procedures now [19]. Another important question is the necessity of anesthesia upon delivery of donor’s transplant. In our opinion, the use of medical sedation is required not only for children, but in adults as well, for ethical reasons and better compliance.
Of the new trends, different methods of preparing matrices for transplanted microorganisms should be mentioned, for example, usage of pectin carriers, to increase fermentation activity of the dietary fibers, with synthesis of short chain fatty acids, thus allowing faster multiplication of the donor microorganisms [31].
Features of fecal microbiota transplantation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Allo—HSCT negatively influences patient’s normal microbiota, due to a number of specific factors, e.g., low—microbial diets, often leading to the development of malnutrition; intestinal decontamination associated with eradication of obligate microorganisms, application of cytotoxic drugs and/ or radiation that damage GIT epithelial cells. Along with antibiotic therapy, the above factors lead to severe alterations of bacterial microbiota, development of pathogenic multidrug—resistant microbiota, presumably increasing the risk of acute GVHD [10,23].
Worldwide clinical experience shows, that GVHD of intestine treatment with basic immunosuppressive drugs of different generations is often insufficient to prevent excessive inflammatory response and relief of a diarrhea syndrome. Systemic antibiotic therapy, oral decontamination with non—absorbable antibiotics is ineffective for a significant number of patients with detectable colonization with Clostridium diffici'le. Up to 40% of patients with infection associated with Clostridium difi'icile, are resistant to metronidazole or vancomycin therapy [7]. Massive use of antibiotics post—HSCT leads to significant disturbances of intestinal microbiota homeostasis, whereas use of probiotic bacterial formulae may be ineffective due to their inability to colonize the intestinal spaces for an extended time period.
According to our data, diarrhea after allo—HSCT is observed in 79% of cases and can persist for several months, thus eventually leading to development of cachexia and lethal infectious complications. At the R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute for Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, we have a successful experience of FMT in four patients after allo—HSCT — adults (n:2) and children (n:2) with prolonged severe diarrheal syndrome, due to immune and infectious complications [8].
Hence, the general idea of using FMT in HSCT looks promising in many aspects: prevention and treatment of infectious complications, prophylaxis of a malabsorption syndrome, and prevention of cachexia, as well as the treatment of steroid—resistant intestinal forms of acute GVHD [12].
Conclusion
A significantly decreased survival is observed in cases of post—HSCT infectious complications resistant to standard antimicrobial therapy, due to increasing mortality caused by septic conditions, usually associated with pathogenic microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difi'icile, Acinetobacter baumannii. Prolonged antibiotic therapy seems to be a key factor leading to multi—drug resistance of some gut bacteria which in turn, may be a trigger to a severe GVHD. Development of intestinal GVHD in most cases leads to the inability of adequate nutrition, along with a maldigestion and malabsorption syndrome, which ultimately leads to protein—energy malnutrition, cachexia and reduced quality of life. Both in sepsis and GVHD, severe changes are observed in qualitative composition and ratios of microbiota living in human gut and other areas of the body.
Initial clinical experience with effective and safe FMT treatment in heavily pretreated category of patients allows to consider this method complementary additional or, in some cases, an alternative technology of therapy for infectious and immune complications after allo—HSCT. FMT results into changes of intestinal microbiota composition, which may help to eradicate multi—drug resistant gut infections, e.g., Clostridium difi'icile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, to reduce antibiotic—associated diarrhea, to replace resistant bacterial species in other areas of the body, and to change microbial profile to a less—virulent landscape.
Further implementation of FMT in clinical practice requires a detailed study, including optimization of criteria for the therapy initiation, selection of the most matched donors by means of multiplex DNA diagnostics, or next—generation DNA sequencing of microbiota, evaluation of long—term efficacy and safety of the transplants.
Conflict of interests
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Р. М. Горбачевой, Кафедра гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И. П. Павлова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(445) "НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой, Кафедра гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И. П. Павлова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["SUMMARY_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11124" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2901) "Резюме Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – радикальный метод лечения онкогематологических и наследственных заболеваний у взрослых и детей. Несмотря на свою эффективность, ТГСК ассоциирована со значительным числом жизнеугрожающих осложнений. Главные причины неудачи лечения – это летальность от септических осложнений, вызванных нозокомиальными поли- и панрезистентными штаммами бактерий, среди которых превалирует Clostridium difficile и Klebsiella pneumoniae, и иммунных осложнений, таких как острая и хроническая реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ), в основе которой лежит поражение органов пациента лимфоцитами донора. В большинстве случаев первичным органом-мишенью является желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ) в результате развития неконтролируемого воспаления и тяжелой диареи при РТПХ, а также кишечных инфекций, в частности – псевдомембранозного колита ассоциированного с Clostridium difficile на фоне массивной антибиотикотерапии. Одним из основных факторов риска развития РТПХ с вовлечением ЖКТ, псевдомембранозного колита и антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи после ТГСК считают элиминацию нормальной микробиоты кишечника. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты (ТФМ) здорового донора позволяет восстановить физиологическое микробное разнообразие и функциональную активность микробиоты кишечника и может приводить к эрадикации патогенных микроорганизмов, тем самым купируя инфекционные осложнения. <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, антибиотикорезистентность." ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2889) "Резюме Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – радикальный метод лечения онкогематологических и наследственных заболеваний у взрослых и детей. Несмотря на свою эффективность, ТГСК ассоциирована со значительным числом жизнеугрожающих осложнений. Главные причины неудачи лечения – это летальность от септических осложнений, вызванных нозокомиальными поли- и панрезистентными штаммами бактерий, среди которых превалирует Clostridium difficile и Klebsiella pneumoniae, и иммунных осложнений, таких как острая и хроническая реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ), в основе которой лежит поражение органов пациента лимфоцитами донора. В большинстве случаев первичным органом-мишенью является желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ) в результате развития неконтролируемого воспаления и тяжелой диареи при РТПХ, а также кишечных инфекций, в частности – псевдомембранозного колита ассоциированного с Clostridium difficile на фоне массивной антибиотикотерапии. Одним из основных факторов риска развития РТПХ с вовлечением ЖКТ, псевдомембранозного колита и антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи после ТГСК считают элиминацию нормальной микробиоты кишечника. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты (ТФМ) здорового донора позволяет восстановить физиологическое микробное разнообразие и функциональную активность микробиоты кишечника и может приводить к эрадикации патогенных микроорганизмов, тем самым купируя инфекционные осложнения.
Ключевые слова
Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, антибиотикорезистентность." 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Kucher, Oleg V. Goloschapov, Ivan S. Moiseev, Boris V. Afanasyev" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(73) "Maxim A. Kucher, Oleg V. Goloschapov, Ivan S. Moiseev, Boris V. Afanasyev" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11119" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(555) "R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; Chair of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia;<br> Dr. Maxim A. Kucher, Head, Department of Clinical Nutrition, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia, L. Tolstoy St. 6-8, 197022<br> Phone: 8 (812) 338 6260, +7 (921) 993 9902 E-mail: doctorkucher@yandex.ru" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(543) "R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; Chair of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia;Dr. Maxim A. Kucher, Head, Department of Clinical Nutrition, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia, L. Tolstoy St. 6-8, 197022
Phone: 8 (812) 338 6260, +7 (921) 993 9902 E-mail: doctorkucher@yandex.ru" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["SUMMARY_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "39" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(21) "Description / Summary" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "39" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11120" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(1529) "Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective method of treatment for hematological, malignant and hereditary diseases in adults and children. Despite its efficiency, HSCT is associated with several potential life-threatening complications. Mortality from bloodstream infections is the main limiting factor for HSCT. Those are caused by bacterial strains refractory to antimicrobial treatment, e.g., Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and due to immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host disease” (GvHD), which represents a conflict between donor lymphocytes and patients’ tissues. In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is primarily damaged post-HSCT, as a result of enhanced inflammation, serious diarrhea manifesting in GvHD and intestinal infections, in particular – pseudo-membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GvHD, pseudo-membranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea post-HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications. <h3>Keywords</h3> Fecal microbiota transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antibiotic resistance. " ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(1517) "Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective method of treatment for hematological, malignant and hereditary diseases in adults and children. Despite its efficiency, HSCT is associated with several potential life-threatening complications. Mortality from bloodstream infections is the main limiting factor for HSCT. Those are caused by bacterial strains refractory to antimicrobial treatment, e.g., Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and due to immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host disease” (GvHD), which represents a conflict between donor lymphocytes and patients’ tissues. In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is primarily damaged post-HSCT, as a result of enhanced inflammation, serious diarrhea manifesting in GvHD and intestinal infections, in particular – pseudo-membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GvHD, pseudo-membranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea post-HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications.
Keywords
Fecal microbiota transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antibiotic resistance. 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Despite its efficiency, HSCT is associated with several potential life-threatening complications. Mortality from bloodstream infections is the main limiting factor for HSCT. Those are caused by bacterial strains refractory to antimicrobial treatment, e.g., Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and due to immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host disease” (GvHD), which represents a conflict between donor lymphocytes and patients’ tissues. In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is primarily damaged post-HSCT, as a result of enhanced inflammation, serious diarrhea manifesting in GvHD and intestinal infections, in particular – pseudo-membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GvHD, pseudo-membranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea post-HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications. <h3>Keywords</h3> Fecal microbiota transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antibiotic resistance. " ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(1517) "Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective method of treatment for hematological, malignant and hereditary diseases in adults and children. Despite its efficiency, HSCT is associated with several potential life-threatening complications. Mortality from bloodstream infections is the main limiting factor for HSCT. Those are caused by bacterial strains refractory to antimicrobial treatment, e.g., Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and due to immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host disease” (GvHD), which represents a conflict between donor lymphocytes and patients’ tissues. In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is primarily damaged post-HSCT, as a result of enhanced inflammation, serious diarrhea manifesting in GvHD and intestinal infections, in particular – pseudo-membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GvHD, pseudo-membranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea post-HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications.Keywords
Fecal microbiota transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antibiotic resistance. " ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(21) "Description / Summary" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(1517) "Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective method of treatment for hematological, malignant and hereditary diseases in adults and children. Despite its efficiency, HSCT is associated with several potential life-threatening complications. Mortality from bloodstream infections is the main limiting factor for HSCT. Those are caused by bacterial strains refractory to antimicrobial treatment, e.g., Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and due to immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host disease” (GvHD), which represents a conflict between donor lymphocytes and patients’ tissues. In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is primarily damaged post-HSCT, as a result of enhanced inflammation, serious diarrhea manifesting in GvHD and intestinal infections, in particular – pseudo-membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GvHD, pseudo-membranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea post-HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications.Keywords
Fecal microbiota transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antibiotic resistance. 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Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; Chair of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia;<br> Dr. Maxim A. Kucher, Head, Department of Clinical Nutrition, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia, L. Tolstoy St. 6-8, 197022<br> Phone: 8 (812) 338 6260, +7 (921) 993 9902 E-mail: doctorkucher@yandex.ru" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(543) "R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; Chair of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia;Dr. Maxim A. Kucher, Head, Department of Clinical Nutrition, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia, L. Tolstoy St. 6-8, 197022
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Несмотря на свою эффективность, ТГСК ассоциирована со значительным числом жизнеугрожающих осложнений. Главные причины неудачи лечения – это летальность от септических осложнений, вызванных нозокомиальными поли- и панрезистентными штаммами бактерий, среди которых превалирует Clostridium difficile и Klebsiella pneumoniae, и иммунных осложнений, таких как острая и хроническая реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ), в основе которой лежит поражение органов пациента лимфоцитами донора. В большинстве случаев первичным органом-мишенью является желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ) в результате развития неконтролируемого воспаления и тяжелой диареи при РТПХ, а также кишечных инфекций, в частности – псевдомембранозного колита ассоциированного с Clostridium difficile на фоне массивной антибиотикотерапии. Одним из основных факторов риска развития РТПХ с вовлечением ЖКТ, псевдомембранозного колита и антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи после ТГСК считают элиминацию нормальной микробиоты кишечника. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты (ТФМ) здорового донора позволяет восстановить физиологическое микробное разнообразие и функциональную активность микробиоты кишечника и может приводить к эрадикации патогенных микроорганизмов, тем самым купируя инфекционные осложнения. <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, антибиотикорезистентность." ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2889) "Резюме Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – радикальный метод лечения онкогематологических и наследственных заболеваний у взрослых и детей. Несмотря на свою эффективность, ТГСК ассоциирована со значительным числом жизнеугрожающих осложнений. Главные причины неудачи лечения – это летальность от септических осложнений, вызванных нозокомиальными поли- и панрезистентными штаммами бактерий, среди которых превалирует Clostridium difficile и Klebsiella pneumoniae, и иммунных осложнений, таких как острая и хроническая реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ), в основе которой лежит поражение органов пациента лимфоцитами донора. В большинстве случаев первичным органом-мишенью является желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ) в результате развития неконтролируемого воспаления и тяжелой диареи при РТПХ, а также кишечных инфекций, в частности – псевдомембранозного колита ассоциированного с Clostridium difficile на фоне массивной антибиотикотерапии. Одним из основных факторов риска развития РТПХ с вовлечением ЖКТ, псевдомембранозного колита и антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи после ТГСК считают элиминацию нормальной микробиоты кишечника. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты (ТФМ) здорового донора позволяет восстановить физиологическое микробное разнообразие и функциональную активность микробиоты кишечника и может приводить к эрадикации патогенных микроорганизмов, тем самым купируя инфекционные осложнения.
Ключевые слова
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Introduction
The Unit of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) was arranged on basis of the Republican Research Center of Hospital Emergencies SC (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan) in August 2010, using previous clinical experience of the regional hematologists. At the beginning, our unit consisted of ten hospital beds for chemotherapy of leukemia and lymphomas. First bone marrow transplantation in Kazakhstan was performed just on the basis of our specialized unit. Time sequence of our main advances is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Main steps in development of Oncohematology Unit
Invaluable support and contribution to the development of the BMT Unit should be mentioned. Our activities were supported by Professor Boris Afanasyev, Director, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University. Several leading specialists from the Gorbacheva Institute, e.g., Professor Alexander D. Kulagin, Dr. Sergey N. Bondarenko, Dr. Vladimir N. Vavilov worked hardly at Astana, in order to consult severe patients, arrange optimal transplantation regimens, analyze difficult clinical cases, perform master classes and conferences. This collaboration has been sufficiently promoted by Dr. Irina Pivovarova whose contribution to these advances should be highly evaluated.
Since 01.03.2013, the Department was rearranged to the Unit of Hemoblastoses, Hematopoietic Aplasias and BMT, followed by extension to 25 beds, with appropriately trained staff. The unit is a part of Hematology and Transfusiology Department.
Deep renovation of the hospital building (April to September 2013) resulted into opening of aseptic wards with laminar air flow, including BMT unit with six beds and an intensive care unit of four hospital beds.
In September 2013, the Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation (St. Petersburg, Russia), together with our Department, performed the VII Memorial R. Gorbacheva International Symposium with a main topic: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children and Adults. This event has promoted further development of BMT in Republic of Kazakhstan, and broadening of international cooperation in the field. Due to these advances, Kazakhstan first appeared at the EBMT map, with a total of 46 transplants in 2013 (Fig. 1). The Memorial Symposium attracted prominent specialists from Europe and USA (Fig. 2, 3).
Figure 1. Allogeneic stem cell transplants per 10,000,000 inhabitants: an EBMT map for 2013 (EBMT Report, 2013).
Figure 2. Participants at the VII R. Gorbacheva Memorial International Symposium in Hematology and transplantation in Astana (September 2013). |
Figure 3. International team of hematologists visiting the new BMT Department in Astana (September 2013). |
Since July 4, 2014, a Clinical Department with 69 beds was arranged, and the Centre was renamed to the National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation SC. An oncohematological and BMT Department consisted of a Transfusion Unit and Oncohematology Unit with an intensive care ward (4 beds). 20.09.2016, the Department was rearranged once again, with a Unit of Oncohematological Resuscitation and Intensive Care for 6 beds established.
Clinical activities
Composition of hematological disorders treated at the Department changed over years, however, with acute leukemias (AL) taking a leading place (54.8%). Meanwhile, this ratio is increased by 10% in 2015, as compared to 2013, with increased admittance of the patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemias (increase by 16.6% against 2013), mainly, due to introduction of continuous treatment protocols, including high-dose consolidation phase.
Since 2016, we noted higher admission for the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, due to improved diagnostics of this leukemia type, e.g., molecular genetic studies performed by FISH assays at the laboratory in St. Petersburg (Russia). The most significant admittance growth was for bone marrow harvesting, i.e., from 9 cases in 2013 to 55 in 2016, due to establishment and development of bone marrow transplantation in the country.
Along with leukemias, we observed a significant increase in hospitalized patients with lymphoproliferative disorders is, i.e., with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (from 18 to 85 cases), Hodgkin’s disease (from 8 to 60 cases), and with multiple myeloma (from 23 to 100 subjects).
Bone marrow transplantation
The first bone marrow transplantation at our clinic was performed in 2010. In further time, a weak growth in HSCT was noted, i.e., only six in 2011 (including 1 allogeneic related, and 1 haploidentical; nine, in 2012 (5 allogeneic and 4, autologous). Since 2013, after opening a clean block (6 beds), we have sufficiently increased the BMT number, i.e., 18 BMT (5 auto, 9 allogeneic compatible, and 4 haploidentical transplants); in 2014, 46 (5 auto-, 9 allogeneic and 4 haploidentical). During next years, a stabilization in HSCT amounts is observed: 2015, 54 BMT, 2016, 52 BMT (Fig.4).
Bone marrow was used as a source of stem cells in 71 cases (71 donors for allo-HSCT in 69 recipients), whereas peripheral stem cells were harvested in 73 cases (15 donors for 15 recipients of allo-BMT, and 58 marrow harvests for autologous BMT). Poor stem cell mobilizing ability was revealed in multiple myeloma (1 case after Cyclophosphamide injections) and 2 lymphoma patients (DHAP-treatment). Better HSC mobilization was performed with Etoposide (in myeloma case), and in 1 patient, G-CSF was applied as hemostimulant. In 40 cases, both primed BM and PBSCs were infused to the patients. Peripheral stem cell harvesting was performed at the Center of Blood Transfusion in Astana by means of obsolete collection devices (Haemonetics MCS+). At initial steps of our transplantation activities, we obtained inferior stem cell harvests, therefore infusing additional amounts of native bone marrow cells. However, the situation has changed since 2016, after installation of new equipment (Terumo Spectra Optia), we are able to yield sufficient amounts of peripheral stem cells for transplantation.
Figure 4. Total BMT figures by years at the Center of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (Astana, Kazakhstan). A total of 186 transplants were performed. Abscissa, number of transplants; ordinate, year of observation.
The total amounts of HSCT do not meet appropriate Kazakhstan requirements. As seen from EBMT Reports, most European countries perform over 100 transplants per 10 Mio persons. To reach this level, we should make about 200 transplants annually (Table 2).
Table 2. Estimated BMT requirements for Republic of Kazakhstan
Donor availability
The ratio of haploidentical transplants performed in our clinic is increased from 4 BMTs (2013) to 23 transplants in 2015. (Fig. 5). A significant growth in haplo-HSCT is noted in 2015 (23 BMTs, 43%) as compared to 2014 (9 BMTs, 19% of total). However, a lack for HLA-identical donors was evident. According to ASBMT, about 70% of the patients with malignant blood disorder do not have available HLA-identical related donor [1]. A median tine for searching an unrelated donor is ca. 4 months in 50-60% of cases. This term is too long, due to risk of the disease relapse.
There is an imbalance for different BMT types (Fig. 6). The number of auto-BMT, according to EBMT data, twice exceeds allo-BMT numbers. Relative number of auto-BMT (24% in 2015) is minimal at the Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, compared to other types. Haplo-BMT (43%) and allogeneic BMT (33) are prevailing here. Such an imbalance occurs due to deficiency of transplantation beds, low activities of regions by the patient stratification and their selection for bone marrow transplantation.
Therefore, we considered arrangement of a local hematopoietic stem cell donor registry as a possible solution of this problem. This Registry was established in 2013. Consolidated registry of Russian Federation and Kazakh Republic have been created year later, and, currently, 5500 potential donors from Kazakhstan are introduced to this database. In 2014, a first HLA-identical donor from Kazakhstan was activated in this Registry, and the first unrelated allogeneic transplantation from this donor was performed 02.09.2016 at out Department. Arrangement and advances of the Bone Marrow Donor Registry in our Republic are closely associated with collaboration and advices from Dr. Alexander L. Alyansky, Chief of a big Donor Registry at the R. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation (St. Petersburg).
Figure 5. Ratios of different transplant types.
Figure 6. Time dynamics of BMTs by several years, with respect to the BMT types.
Clinical results of BMT procedures
In 2015, we have performed analysis of total survival among the BMT patients (Fig. 7). This analysis shows a significantly higher total survival in a group of patients after allo-BMT performed in the 1st remission, as compared to survival in the group after allogeneic BMT carried out in the absence of remission, i.e., 59% vs 20%. Overall survival after haploidentical BMT is also higher in the patients transplanted in 1st remission, as compared to the patients, undergoing BMT out of remission (41% vs 23%).
Clinical results of BMT proceduresIn 2015, we have performed analysis of total survival among the BMT patients (Fig. 7). This analysis shows a significantly higher total survival in a group of patients after allo-BMT performed in the 1st remission, as compared to survival in the group after allogeneic BMT carried out in the absence of remission, i.e., 59% vs 20%. Overall survival after haploidentical BMT is also higher in the patients transplanted in 1st remission, as compared to the patients, undergoing BMT out of remission (41% vs 23%).
Figure 7. Total survival after allogeneic BMT and haplo-BMT in the patients with acute leukemias dependent on the state of disease by the time of transplant.
Overall survival (OS) was also determined in a group of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. We compared 3 patient groups, Group1, patients receiving chemotherapy only; Group 2 obtained BMT in remission, and Group3, patients receiving an off-remission BMT (Fig.7). Overall survival among patients from the 2nd group was sufficiently higher than for groups 1 and 3, i.e., 10% vs 60%. However, OS among the patients after BMT beyond remission was twofold higher than among subjects getting chemotherapy only (20% vs 10%).
Preliminary analysis of overall survival among acute leukemia patients (observed for 30 months in haplo-HSCT, or 40 months in allo-HSCT) has shown an important role of the disease status by the time of BMT, thus being in full accordance with available international data. Our results should be further analysed for 5-year survival in a group of ≥30 patients [2, 3, 4].
Figure 8. Overall survival among patients with acute leukemias (AML and ALL), when performing standard chemotherapy (left) and allo-HSCT at our BMT Department (right).
Despite the arrangement of ‘clean unit’, and BMT numbers increased to 54 in 2015, high requirements for transplantation remain in the country. E.g., according to statistical data (Table 2), 152 patients in Kazakhstan need BMT yearly, either allogeneic or autologous procedure. Acute leukemias (77 BMTs per year) are most common at our Department, including 29 ALL cases and 48 AML patients. Multiple myeloma takes next position (31 BMT annually), followed by aplastic anemia (14 BMTs), myelodysplastic syndromes (n=12) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (n=12), as well as Hodgkin’s lymphoma (6 BMTs yearly). To cover these requirements, we are planning increase in patient places (beds), with subsequent expansion of the ‘clean’ space from 6 to 15 beds.
Cooperation with clinics abroad
A big contribution to development of the Oncohematology Department and BMT activity was made by the staff of the R. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the First I. Pavlov State Medical University (St. Petersburg, Russia), having been provided over last years. Over 2014-2015, we have trained in St. Petersburg four clinicians in Hematology at a postgraduate course Current Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation; two clinical laboratory doctors for diagnostics of malignant blood disorders, trained a laboratory doctor in clinical cytogenetics. Our collaborators from Gorbacheva Institute have teached a specialist in hematopoietic stem cells harvesting, treatment and cryoconservation; performed educational courses for 5 clinical hematolologists at the VIII and IX R. Gorbacheva Memorial Symposia (2014, 2015, St. Petersburg).
Moreover, some specialists from St. Petersburg R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute performed in Kazakhstan several seminars and master classes over 2014, e.g., in flow cytometry for detection of minimal residual disease (Babenko Elena V., 2014); arrangement of hematological services in Kazakhstan (Morozova Elena V., Bondarenko Sergey N., Darskaya Elena I.); a 4-week tutorial concerning Basics of Modern Diagnostics and Treatment in Oncohematology which took place in Almaty (Kazakhstan).
A special longitudinal cooperation is performed in the field of arrangement of a Bone Marrow Donor Registry in Kazakhstan Republic. A common Russian-Kazakh donor search platform is arranged in order to recruit bone marrow donors from Russian Registry for Kazakh patients.
Some other tutorials were performed in 2015, including a school for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (Babenko E. V., Kulagin A. D., held in St. Petersburg), a master class by E. V. Babenko concerning immune phenotyping of PNH markers (April 2015, Astana, Kazakhstan); an expert council on invasive fungal invasions in hematology (13 May, 2015, Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Prof. K. O. Omarova, N. N. Klimko, PhD M. O. Popova). A tutorial “Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the children with oncohematological diseases and orphan diseases” was performed on May 25-30, 2015, in Astana, led by Dr. S. N. Bondarenko), followed by a master class: Arrangement of a Bone Marrow Donor Registry (May 26-28, 2015, Astanа, led by Dr. A. L. Alyansky).Further prospectivesFuture cooperation between the 1st St. Petersburg State Medical I. Pavlov University and hematological institutions in St. Petersburg and Kazakhstan in the field of hematopoietic transplantation should be developed in the abovementioned directions:
-
Hematopoietic transplantation in pediatric practice and adult patients.
-
Further development of diagnostic base in oncohematology (morphology, immunohistochemistry, immune phenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular diagnostics).
-
Unified and improved diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, in order to assess and treat tumor and non-tumor blood diseases.
-
Orphan dieases (diagnostics, registries, bone marrow transplantation, target therapy).
-
Functioning of a common Bone Marrow Donor Registry.
Our plans for the nearest future are connected with meeting the requirements of Kazakh patients in transplantation assistance, e.g., an increase of clinical facilities by 5 hospital beds, and opening a special block for therapy of lymphoproliferative disorders with 15 beds, as well as expansion of critical care unit to 9 beds. Increasing number of patients needs arrangement of outpatient service and polyclinics.
Conflicts of interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
References
-
Bayraktar UD, Champlin RE, Ciurea SO. Progress in haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:372-380.
-
Olifirovich A, Pivovarova I, Kemaykin V, Klodzinskiy A, Nemerovchenko A, Tussipova A, Vildanova R, Sataeva M, Kolesnev A, Iskakova A. Remission at secondary acute myeloid leukemia after haploidentical stem cells microtransplantation (a clinical case); Abstract XXXV World Congress International Society of Hematology, Sept. 4-7, Beijing, China, 2014: 133, ЕР-05-001.
-
Pivovarova IA, Klodzinsky AA, Kemaikin VM, Olifirovich AA, Kolesnev AV, Iskakova AM, Sataeva MS. Lethality trends after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Kazakhstanskaya Transplantologiya, 2014; No1:46-53.
-
Vildanova R, Pivovarova I, Klodzinskiy A, Kemaikin V, Kolesnev A, Sataeva M, Iskakova A, Olifirovich A, Tussipova A, Nemerovchenko A. BeEAM as conditioning regimen for haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in patients with Ph-positive ALL (two case reports); Abstract XXXV World Congress International Society of Hematology, Sept. 4-7, Beijing, China, 2014: 124, ЕР-04-001.
" ["~DETAIL_TEXT"]=> string(26726) "
Introduction
The Unit of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) was arranged on basis of the Republican Research Center of Hospital Emergencies SC (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan) in August 2010, using previous clinical experience of the regional hematologists. At the beginning, our unit consisted of ten hospital beds for chemotherapy of leukemia and lymphomas. First bone marrow transplantation in Kazakhstan was performed just on the basis of our specialized unit. Time sequence of our main advances is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Main steps in development of Oncohematology Unit
Invaluable support and contribution to the development of the BMT Unit should be mentioned. Our activities were supported by Professor Boris Afanasyev, Director, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University. Several leading specialists from the Gorbacheva Institute, e.g., Professor Alexander D. Kulagin, Dr. Sergey N. Bondarenko, Dr. Vladimir N. Vavilov worked hardly at Astana, in order to consult severe patients, arrange optimal transplantation regimens, analyze difficult clinical cases, perform master classes and conferences. This collaboration has been sufficiently promoted by Dr. Irina Pivovarova whose contribution to these advances should be highly evaluated.
Since 01.03.2013, the Department was rearranged to the Unit of Hemoblastoses, Hematopoietic Aplasias and BMT, followed by extension to 25 beds, with appropriately trained staff. The unit is a part of Hematology and Transfusiology Department.
Deep renovation of the hospital building (April to September 2013) resulted into opening of aseptic wards with laminar air flow, including BMT unit with six beds and an intensive care unit of four hospital beds.
In September 2013, the Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation (St. Petersburg, Russia), together with our Department, performed the VII Memorial R. Gorbacheva International Symposium with a main topic: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children and Adults. This event has promoted further development of BMT in Republic of Kazakhstan, and broadening of international cooperation in the field. Due to these advances, Kazakhstan first appeared at the EBMT map, with a total of 46 transplants in 2013 (Fig. 1). The Memorial Symposium attracted prominent specialists from Europe and USA (Fig. 2, 3).
Figure 1. Allogeneic stem cell transplants per 10,000,000 inhabitants: an EBMT map for 2013 (EBMT Report, 2013).
Figure 2. Participants at the VII R. Gorbacheva Memorial International Symposium in Hematology and transplantation in Astana (September 2013). |
Figure 3. International team of hematologists visiting the new BMT Department in Astana (September 2013). |
Since July 4, 2014, a Clinical Department with 69 beds was arranged, and the Centre was renamed to the National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation SC. An oncohematological and BMT Department consisted of a Transfusion Unit and Oncohematology Unit with an intensive care ward (4 beds). 20.09.2016, the Department was rearranged once again, with a Unit of Oncohematological Resuscitation and Intensive Care for 6 beds established.
Clinical activities
Composition of hematological disorders treated at the Department changed over years, however, with acute leukemias (AL) taking a leading place (54.8%). Meanwhile, this ratio is increased by 10% in 2015, as compared to 2013, with increased admittance of the patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemias (increase by 16.6% against 2013), mainly, due to introduction of continuous treatment protocols, including high-dose consolidation phase.
Since 2016, we noted higher admission for the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, due to improved diagnostics of this leukemia type, e.g., molecular genetic studies performed by FISH assays at the laboratory in St. Petersburg (Russia). The most significant admittance growth was for bone marrow harvesting, i.e., from 9 cases in 2013 to 55 in 2016, due to establishment and development of bone marrow transplantation in the country.
Along with leukemias, we observed a significant increase in hospitalized patients with lymphoproliferative disorders is, i.e., with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (from 18 to 85 cases), Hodgkin’s disease (from 8 to 60 cases), and with multiple myeloma (from 23 to 100 subjects).
Bone marrow transplantation
The first bone marrow transplantation at our clinic was performed in 2010. In further time, a weak growth in HSCT was noted, i.e., only six in 2011 (including 1 allogeneic related, and 1 haploidentical; nine, in 2012 (5 allogeneic and 4, autologous). Since 2013, after opening a clean block (6 beds), we have sufficiently increased the BMT number, i.e., 18 BMT (5 auto, 9 allogeneic compatible, and 4 haploidentical transplants); in 2014, 46 (5 auto-, 9 allogeneic and 4 haploidentical). During next years, a stabilization in HSCT amounts is observed: 2015, 54 BMT, 2016, 52 BMT (Fig.4).
Bone marrow was used as a source of stem cells in 71 cases (71 donors for allo-HSCT in 69 recipients), whereas peripheral stem cells were harvested in 73 cases (15 donors for 15 recipients of allo-BMT, and 58 marrow harvests for autologous BMT). Poor stem cell mobilizing ability was revealed in multiple myeloma (1 case after Cyclophosphamide injections) and 2 lymphoma patients (DHAP-treatment). Better HSC mobilization was performed with Etoposide (in myeloma case), and in 1 patient, G-CSF was applied as hemostimulant. In 40 cases, both primed BM and PBSCs were infused to the patients. Peripheral stem cell harvesting was performed at the Center of Blood Transfusion in Astana by means of obsolete collection devices (Haemonetics MCS+). At initial steps of our transplantation activities, we obtained inferior stem cell harvests, therefore infusing additional amounts of native bone marrow cells. However, the situation has changed since 2016, after installation of new equipment (Terumo Spectra Optia), we are able to yield sufficient amounts of peripheral stem cells for transplantation.
Figure 4. Total BMT figures by years at the Center of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (Astana, Kazakhstan). A total of 186 transplants were performed. Abscissa, number of transplants; ordinate, year of observation.
The total amounts of HSCT do not meet appropriate Kazakhstan requirements. As seen from EBMT Reports, most European countries perform over 100 transplants per 10 Mio persons. To reach this level, we should make about 200 transplants annually (Table 2).
Table 2. Estimated BMT requirements for Republic of Kazakhstan
Donor availability
The ratio of haploidentical transplants performed in our clinic is increased from 4 BMTs (2013) to 23 transplants in 2015. (Fig. 5). A significant growth in haplo-HSCT is noted in 2015 (23 BMTs, 43%) as compared to 2014 (9 BMTs, 19% of total). However, a lack for HLA-identical donors was evident. According to ASBMT, about 70% of the patients with malignant blood disorder do not have available HLA-identical related donor [1]. A median tine for searching an unrelated donor is ca. 4 months in 50-60% of cases. This term is too long, due to risk of the disease relapse.
There is an imbalance for different BMT types (Fig. 6). The number of auto-BMT, according to EBMT data, twice exceeds allo-BMT numbers. Relative number of auto-BMT (24% in 2015) is minimal at the Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, compared to other types. Haplo-BMT (43%) and allogeneic BMT (33) are prevailing here. Such an imbalance occurs due to deficiency of transplantation beds, low activities of regions by the patient stratification and their selection for bone marrow transplantation.
Therefore, we considered arrangement of a local hematopoietic stem cell donor registry as a possible solution of this problem. This Registry was established in 2013. Consolidated registry of Russian Federation and Kazakh Republic have been created year later, and, currently, 5500 potential donors from Kazakhstan are introduced to this database. In 2014, a first HLA-identical donor from Kazakhstan was activated in this Registry, and the first unrelated allogeneic transplantation from this donor was performed 02.09.2016 at out Department. Arrangement and advances of the Bone Marrow Donor Registry in our Republic are closely associated with collaboration and advices from Dr. Alexander L. Alyansky, Chief of a big Donor Registry at the R. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation (St. Petersburg).
Figure 5. Ratios of different transplant types.
Figure 6. Time dynamics of BMTs by several years, with respect to the BMT types.
Clinical results of BMT procedures
In 2015, we have performed analysis of total survival among the BMT patients (Fig. 7). This analysis shows a significantly higher total survival in a group of patients after allo-BMT performed in the 1st remission, as compared to survival in the group after allogeneic BMT carried out in the absence of remission, i.e., 59% vs 20%. Overall survival after haploidentical BMT is also higher in the patients transplanted in 1st remission, as compared to the patients, undergoing BMT out of remission (41% vs 23%).
Clinical results of BMT proceduresIn 2015, we have performed analysis of total survival among the BMT patients (Fig. 7). This analysis shows a significantly higher total survival in a group of patients after allo-BMT performed in the 1st remission, as compared to survival in the group after allogeneic BMT carried out in the absence of remission, i.e., 59% vs 20%. Overall survival after haploidentical BMT is also higher in the patients transplanted in 1st remission, as compared to the patients, undergoing BMT out of remission (41% vs 23%).
Figure 7. Total survival after allogeneic BMT and haplo-BMT in the patients with acute leukemias dependent on the state of disease by the time of transplant.
Overall survival (OS) was also determined in a group of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. We compared 3 patient groups, Group1, patients receiving chemotherapy only; Group 2 obtained BMT in remission, and Group3, patients receiving an off-remission BMT (Fig.7). Overall survival among patients from the 2nd group was sufficiently higher than for groups 1 and 3, i.e., 10% vs 60%. However, OS among the patients after BMT beyond remission was twofold higher than among subjects getting chemotherapy only (20% vs 10%).
Preliminary analysis of overall survival among acute leukemia patients (observed for 30 months in haplo-HSCT, or 40 months in allo-HSCT) has shown an important role of the disease status by the time of BMT, thus being in full accordance with available international data. Our results should be further analysed for 5-year survival in a group of ≥30 patients [2, 3, 4].
Figure 8. Overall survival among patients with acute leukemias (AML and ALL), when performing standard chemotherapy (left) and allo-HSCT at our BMT Department (right).
Despite the arrangement of ‘clean unit’, and BMT numbers increased to 54 in 2015, high requirements for transplantation remain in the country. E.g., according to statistical data (Table 2), 152 patients in Kazakhstan need BMT yearly, either allogeneic or autologous procedure. Acute leukemias (77 BMTs per year) are most common at our Department, including 29 ALL cases and 48 AML patients. Multiple myeloma takes next position (31 BMT annually), followed by aplastic anemia (14 BMTs), myelodysplastic syndromes (n=12) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (n=12), as well as Hodgkin’s lymphoma (6 BMTs yearly). To cover these requirements, we are planning increase in patient places (beds), with subsequent expansion of the ‘clean’ space from 6 to 15 beds.
Cooperation with clinics abroad
A big contribution to development of the Oncohematology Department and BMT activity was made by the staff of the R. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the First I. Pavlov State Medical University (St. Petersburg, Russia), having been provided over last years. Over 2014-2015, we have trained in St. Petersburg four clinicians in Hematology at a postgraduate course Current Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation; two clinical laboratory doctors for diagnostics of malignant blood disorders, trained a laboratory doctor in clinical cytogenetics. Our collaborators from Gorbacheva Institute have teached a specialist in hematopoietic stem cells harvesting, treatment and cryoconservation; performed educational courses for 5 clinical hematolologists at the VIII and IX R. Gorbacheva Memorial Symposia (2014, 2015, St. Petersburg).
Moreover, some specialists from St. Petersburg R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute performed in Kazakhstan several seminars and master classes over 2014, e.g., in flow cytometry for detection of minimal residual disease (Babenko Elena V., 2014); arrangement of hematological services in Kazakhstan (Morozova Elena V., Bondarenko Sergey N., Darskaya Elena I.); a 4-week tutorial concerning Basics of Modern Diagnostics and Treatment in Oncohematology which took place in Almaty (Kazakhstan).
A special longitudinal cooperation is performed in the field of arrangement of a Bone Marrow Donor Registry in Kazakhstan Republic. A common Russian-Kazakh donor search platform is arranged in order to recruit bone marrow donors from Russian Registry for Kazakh patients.
Some other tutorials were performed in 2015, including a school for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (Babenko E. V., Kulagin A. D., held in St. Petersburg), a master class by E. V. Babenko concerning immune phenotyping of PNH markers (April 2015, Astana, Kazakhstan); an expert council on invasive fungal invasions in hematology (13 May, 2015, Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Prof. K. O. Omarova, N. N. Klimko, PhD M. O. Popova). A tutorial “Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the children with oncohematological diseases and orphan diseases” was performed on May 25-30, 2015, in Astana, led by Dr. S. N. Bondarenko), followed by a master class: Arrangement of a Bone Marrow Donor Registry (May 26-28, 2015, Astanа, led by Dr. A. L. Alyansky).Further prospectivesFuture cooperation between the 1st St. Petersburg State Medical I. Pavlov University and hematological institutions in St. Petersburg and Kazakhstan in the field of hematopoietic transplantation should be developed in the abovementioned directions:
-
Hematopoietic transplantation in pediatric practice and adult patients.
-
Further development of diagnostic base in oncohematology (morphology, immunohistochemistry, immune phenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular diagnostics).
-
Unified and improved diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, in order to assess and treat tumor and non-tumor blood diseases.
-
Orphan dieases (diagnostics, registries, bone marrow transplantation, target therapy).
-
Functioning of a common Bone Marrow Donor Registry.
Our plans for the nearest future are connected with meeting the requirements of Kazakh patients in transplantation assistance, e.g., an increase of clinical facilities by 5 hospital beds, and opening a special block for therapy of lymphoproliferative disorders with 15 beds, as well as expansion of critical care unit to 9 beds. Increasing number of patients needs arrangement of outpatient service and polyclinics.
Conflicts of interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
References
-
Bayraktar UD, Champlin RE, Ciurea SO. Progress in haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:372-380.
-
Olifirovich A, Pivovarova I, Kemaykin V, Klodzinskiy A, Nemerovchenko A, Tussipova A, Vildanova R, Sataeva M, Kolesnev A, Iskakova A. Remission at secondary acute myeloid leukemia after haploidentical stem cells microtransplantation (a clinical case); Abstract XXXV World Congress International Society of Hematology, Sept. 4-7, Beijing, China, 2014: 133, ЕР-05-001.
-
Pivovarova IA, Klodzinsky AA, Kemaikin VM, Olifirovich AA, Kolesnev AV, Iskakova AM, Sataeva MS. Lethality trends after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Kazakhstanskaya Transplantologiya, 2014; No1:46-53.
-
Vildanova R, Pivovarova I, Klodzinskiy A, Kemaikin V, Kolesnev A, Sataeva M, Iskakova A, Olifirovich A, Tussipova A, Nemerovchenko A. BeEAM as conditioning regimen for haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in patients with Ph-positive ALL (two case reports); Abstract XXXV World Congress International Society of Hematology, Sept. 4-7, Beijing, China, 2014: 124, ЕР-04-001.
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Кемайкин, Анастасия A. Олифирович, Александр В. Колеснев, Анатолий В. Немеровченко, Рузаль Ф. Вильданова, Ольга В. Гайнутдинова, Адия А. Тусипова, Аяужан Е. Есимбекова, Алия K. Баймурзина, Айзат С. Сулейменова, Ольга O. Лесечко, Гульназ Д. Ансатбаева, Мария С. Алимбетова" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(494) "Вадим М. Кемайкин, Анастасия A. Олифирович, Александр В. Колеснев, Анатолий В. Немеровченко, Рузаль Ф. Вильданова, Ольга В. Гайнутдинова, Адия А. Тусипова, Аяужан Е. Есимбекова, Алия K. Баймурзина, Айзат С. Сулейменова, Ольга O. Лесечко, Гульназ Д. Ансатбаева, Мария С. Алимбетова" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11219" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(239) "Департамент трансплантации костного мозга, Национальный научный центр онкологии и трансплантации, Астана, Республика Казахстан" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(239) "Департамент трансплантации костного мозга, Национальный научный центр онкологии и трансплантации, Астана, Республика Казахстан" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["SUMMARY_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11220" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2833) "<h3>Резюме</h3> Отделение онкогематологии и трансплантации костного мозга (ТКМ) было организовано на базе Республиканского научного центра неотложной медицинской помощи (Астана, Республика Казахстан) в августе 2010 г. С июля 2014 г. организован клинический департамент на 60 коек, и было учреждено АО «Национальный научный Центр онкологии и трансплантации». С 2010 по 2016 гг. начали внедряться различные типы трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – от аутологичной ТКМ до аллогенной ТГСК от совместимых доноров (33% в 2016 г.) и гаплоидентичной ТГСК (43% от общего числа пересадок в 2016 г.). Всего с 2010 г. в отделении проведены 186 ТГСК. Костный мозг в качестве трансплантата использовали в 71 случае (71 донор для алло-ТГСК 69 реципиентам), тогда как периферические стволовые клетки заготавливали в 73 случаях (15 доноров для алло-ТГСК), и 58 заготовок костного мозга для аутологичных ТКМ). Особый вклад в развитие нашей клиники ТКМ и регистра доноров костного мозга внесли ведущие специалисты НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой в Санкт-Петербурге. Эти мероприятия по обучению и образованию позволили организовать эффективную структуру для ТГСК за 3 года. Такая помощь оказывалась по линии консультирования тяжелых клинических случаев, назначения оптимальных режимов трансплантации, анализа сложных клинических случаев, в виде конференций и мастер-классов. <br> <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, организация клиники, Астана, казахстанский опыт.<br>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2797) "
Резюме
Отделение онкогематологии и трансплантации костного мозга (ТКМ) было организовано на базе Республиканского научного центра неотложной медицинской помощи (Астана, Республика Казахстан) в августе 2010 г. С июля 2014 г. организован клинический департамент на 60 коек, и было учреждено АО «Национальный научный Центр онкологии и трансплантации». С 2010 по 2016 гг. начали внедряться различные типы трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – от аутологичной ТКМ до аллогенной ТГСК от совместимых доноров (33% в 2016 г.) и гаплоидентичной ТГСК (43% от общего числа пересадок в 2016 г.). Всего с 2010 г. в отделении проведены 186 ТГСК. Костный мозг в качестве трансплантата использовали в 71 случае (71 донор для алло-ТГСК 69 реципиентам), тогда как периферические стволовые клетки заготавливали в 73 случаях (15 доноров для алло-ТГСК), и 58 заготовок костного мозга для аутологичных ТКМ). Особый вклад в развитие нашей клиники ТКМ и регистра доноров костного мозга внесли ведущие специалисты НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой в Санкт-Петербурге. Эти мероприятия по обучению и образованию позволили организовать эффективную структуру для ТГСК за 3 года. Такая помощь оказывалась по линии консультирования тяжелых клинических случаев, назначения оптимальных режимов трансплантации, анализа сложных клинических случаев, в виде конференций и мастер-классов.Ключевые слова
Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, организация клиники, Астана, казахстанский опыт." 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Kemaikin, Anastasiya A. Olifirovich, Alexandr V. Kolesnev, Anatoliy V. Nemerovchenko, Ruzal F. Vildanova, Olga V. Gainutdinova, Adiya A. Tusipova, Ayauzhan E. Esimbekova, Aliya K. Baimursina, Ayzat S. Suleimenova, Olga O. Lesechko, Gulnaz D. Ansatbaeva, Mariya S. Alimbetova" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(283) "Vadim M. Kemaikin, Anastasiya A. Olifirovich, Alexandr V. Kolesnev, Anatoliy V. Nemerovchenko, Ruzal F. Vildanova, Olga V. Gainutdinova, Adiya A. Tusipova, Ayauzhan E. Esimbekova, Aliya K. Baimursina, Ayzat S. Suleimenova, Olga O. Lesechko, Gulnaz D. Ansatbaeva, Mariya S. Alimbetova" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11257" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(387) "Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan<br> Dr. Vadim M. Kemaikin, Chief, BMT Department, National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation, Kerey, Zhanibek Khanov st., 3, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan<br> Phone: +7 7172 70 29 41 E-mail: hematology.astana@gmail.com" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(375) "Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
Dr. Vadim M. Kemaikin, Chief, BMT Department, National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation, Kerey, Zhanibek Khanov st., 3, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
Phone: +7 7172 70 29 41 E-mail: hematology.astana@gmail.com" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["SUMMARY_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "39" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(21) "Description / Summary" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "39" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11258" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(1532) "The Unit of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) was arranged on basis of the Republican Research Center of Hospital Emergencies SC (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan) in August 2010. Since July 2014, a Clinical Department with 69 beds was arranged, and National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation SC was arranged. From 2010 to 2016, the modalities of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been advanced, from autologous BMT to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) from matched donors (33%), and haploidentical HSCTs (43% in 2016), a total of 186 transpants. Bone marrow was used as a source of stem cells in 71 cases (71 donors for allo-HSCT in 69 recipients), whereas peripheral stem cells were harvested in 73 cases (15 donors for 15 recipients of allo-BMT, and 58 marrow harvests for autologous BMT). In particular, our BMT clinic and Bone Marrow Donor Registry developed with invaluable support and contribution by the leading specialists from R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the St. Petersburg. This system of education and training allowed to arrange an effective HSCT structure within 3 years. This assistance was performed in order to consult severe patients, arrange optimal transplantation regimens, analyze difficult clinical cases, perform master classes and conferences. <h3>Keywords</h3> Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, clinical advancements, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. " ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(1520) "The Unit of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) was arranged on basis of the Republican Research Center of Hospital Emergencies SC (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan) in August 2010. Since July 2014, a Clinical Department with 69 beds was arranged, and National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation SC was arranged. From 2010 to 2016, the modalities of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been advanced, from autologous BMT to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) from matched donors (33%), and haploidentical HSCTs (43% in 2016), a total of 186 transpants. Bone marrow was used as a source of stem cells in 71 cases (71 donors for allo-HSCT in 69 recipients), whereas peripheral stem cells were harvested in 73 cases (15 donors for 15 recipients of allo-BMT, and 58 marrow harvests for autologous BMT). In particular, our BMT clinic and Bone Marrow Donor Registry developed with invaluable support and contribution by the leading specialists from R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the St. Petersburg. This system of education and training allowed to arrange an effective HSCT structure within 3 years. This assistance was performed in order to consult severe patients, arrange optimal transplantation regimens, analyze difficult clinical cases, perform master classes and conferences.
Keywords
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, clinical advancements, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. 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Since July 2014, a Clinical Department with 69 beds was arranged, and National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation SC was arranged. From 2010 to 2016, the modalities of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been advanced, from autologous BMT to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) from matched donors (33%), and haploidentical HSCTs (43% in 2016), a total of 186 transpants. Bone marrow was used as a source of stem cells in 71 cases (71 donors for allo-HSCT in 69 recipients), whereas peripheral stem cells were harvested in 73 cases (15 donors for 15 recipients of allo-BMT, and 58 marrow harvests for autologous BMT). In particular, our BMT clinic and Bone Marrow Donor Registry developed with invaluable support and contribution by the leading specialists from R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the St. Petersburg. This system of education and training allowed to arrange an effective HSCT structure within 3 years. This assistance was performed in order to consult severe patients, arrange optimal transplantation regimens, analyze difficult clinical cases, perform master classes and conferences. <h3>Keywords</h3> Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, clinical advancements, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. " ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(1520) "The Unit of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) was arranged on basis of the Republican Research Center of Hospital Emergencies SC (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan) in August 2010. Since July 2014, a Clinical Department with 69 beds was arranged, and National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation SC was arranged. From 2010 to 2016, the modalities of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been advanced, from autologous BMT to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) from matched donors (33%), and haploidentical HSCTs (43% in 2016), a total of 186 transpants. Bone marrow was used as a source of stem cells in 71 cases (71 donors for allo-HSCT in 69 recipients), whereas peripheral stem cells were harvested in 73 cases (15 donors for 15 recipients of allo-BMT, and 58 marrow harvests for autologous BMT). In particular, our BMT clinic and Bone Marrow Donor Registry developed with invaluable support and contribution by the leading specialists from R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the St. Petersburg. This system of education and training allowed to arrange an effective HSCT structure within 3 years. 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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, clinical advancements, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. " } ["DOI"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2016-04-06 14:11:12" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11180" ["VALUE"]=> string(37) "10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-30-36" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(37) "10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-30-36" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(37) "10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-30-36" } ["NAME_EN"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "40" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 10:49:47" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(4) "Name" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(7) "NAME_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "40" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "Y" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11181" ["VALUE"]=> string(137) "Astana experience: Department of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National Research Center of Oncology and Transplantation" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(137) "Astana experience: Department of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National Research Center of Oncology and Transplantation" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(4) "Name" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(137) "Astana experience: Department of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National Research Center of Oncology and Transplantation" } ["ORGANIZATION_EN"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11257" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(387) "Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan<br> Dr. Vadim M. Kemaikin, Chief, BMT Department, National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation, Kerey, Zhanibek Khanov st., 3, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan<br> Phone: +7 7172 70 29 41 E-mail: hematology.astana@gmail.com" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(375) "Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation, Astana, Republic of KazakhstanDr. Vadim M. Kemaikin, Chief, BMT Department, National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation, Kerey, Zhanibek Khanov st., 3, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Dr. Vadim M. Kemaikin, Chief, BMT Department, National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation, Kerey, Zhanibek Khanov st., 3, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Кемайкин, Анастасия A. Олифирович, Александр В. Колеснев, Анатолий В. Немеровченко, Рузаль Ф. Вильданова, Ольга В. Гайнутдинова, Адия А. Тусипова, Аяужан Е. Есимбекова, Алия K. Баймурзина, Айзат С. Сулейменова, Ольга O. Лесечко, Гульназ Д. Ансатбаева, Мария С. Алимбетова" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(494) "Вадим М. Кемайкин, Анастасия A. Олифирович, Александр В. Колеснев, Анатолий В. Немеровченко, Рузаль Ф. Вильданова, Ольга В. Гайнутдинова, Адия А. Тусипова, Аяужан Е. Есимбекова, Алия K. Баймурзина, Айзат С. Сулейменова, Ольга O. Лесечко, Гульназ Д. Ансатбаева, Мария С. Алимбетова" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(494) "Вадим М. Кемайкин, Анастасия A. Олифирович, Александр В. Колеснев, Анатолий В. Немеровченко, Рузаль Ф. Вильданова, Ольга В. Гайнутдинова, Адия А. Тусипова, Аяужан Е. Есимбекова, Алия K. Баймурзина, Айзат С. Сулейменова, Ольга O. Лесечко, Гульназ Д. Ансатбаева, Мария С. Алимбетова" } ["SUBMITTED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "20" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(21) "Дата подачи" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "SUBMITTED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "20" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11177" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "02/02/2017 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "02/02/2017 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(21) "Дата подачи" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "02/02/2017 12:00:00 am" } ["ACCEPTED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "21" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(25) "Дата принятия" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(8) "ACCEPTED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "21" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11178" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "02/02/2017 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "02/02/2017 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(25) "Дата принятия" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "02/02/2017 12:00:00 am" } ["PUBLISHED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "22" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Дата публикации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "PUBLISHED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "22" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11179" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "02/24/2017 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "02/24/2017 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Дата публикации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "02/24/2017 12:00:00 am" } ["SUMMARY_RU"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11220" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2833) "<h3>Резюме</h3> Отделение онкогематологии и трансплантации костного мозга (ТКМ) было организовано на базе Республиканского научного центра неотложной медицинской помощи (Астана, Республика Казахстан) в августе 2010 г. С июля 2014 г. организован клинический департамент на 60 коек, и было учреждено АО «Национальный научный Центр онкологии и трансплантации». С 2010 по 2016 гг. начали внедряться различные типы трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – от аутологичной ТКМ до аллогенной ТГСК от совместимых доноров (33% в 2016 г.) и гаплоидентичной ТГСК (43% от общего числа пересадок в 2016 г.). Всего с 2010 г. в отделении проведены 186 ТГСК. Костный мозг в качестве трансплантата использовали в 71 случае (71 донор для алло-ТГСК 69 реципиентам), тогда как периферические стволовые клетки заготавливали в 73 случаях (15 доноров для алло-ТГСК), и 58 заготовок костного мозга для аутологичных ТКМ). Особый вклад в развитие нашей клиники ТКМ и регистра доноров костного мозга внесли ведущие специалисты НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой в Санкт-Петербурге. Эти мероприятия по обучению и образованию позволили организовать эффективную структуру для ТГСК за 3 года. Такая помощь оказывалась по линии консультирования тяжелых клинических случаев, назначения оптимальных режимов трансплантации, анализа сложных клинических случаев, в виде конференций и мастер-классов. <br> <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, организация клиники, Астана, казахстанский опыт.<br>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2797) "
Резюме
Отделение онкогематологии и трансплантации костного мозга (ТКМ) было организовано на базе Республиканского научного центра неотложной медицинской помощи (Астана, Республика Казахстан) в августе 2010 г. С июля 2014 г. организован клинический департамент на 60 коек, и было учреждено АО «Национальный научный Центр онкологии и трансплантации». С 2010 по 2016 гг. начали внедряться различные типы трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – от аутологичной ТКМ до аллогенной ТГСК от совместимых доноров (33% в 2016 г.) и гаплоидентичной ТГСК (43% от общего числа пересадок в 2016 г.). Всего с 2010 г. в отделении проведены 186 ТГСК. Костный мозг в качестве трансплантата использовали в 71 случае (71 донор для алло-ТГСК 69 реципиентам), тогда как периферические стволовые клетки заготавливали в 73 случаях (15 доноров для алло-ТГСК), и 58 заготовок костного мозга для аутологичных ТКМ). Особый вклад в развитие нашей клиники ТКМ и регистра доноров костного мозга внесли ведущие специалисты НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой в Санкт-Петербурге. Эти мероприятия по обучению и образованию позволили организовать эффективную структуру для ТГСК за 3 года. Такая помощь оказывалась по линии консультирования тяжелых клинических случаев, назначения оптимальных режимов трансплантации, анализа сложных клинических случаев, в виде конференций и мастер-классов.Ключевые слова
Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, организация клиники, Астана, казахстанский опыт." ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(2797) "
Резюме
Отделение онкогематологии и трансплантации костного мозга (ТКМ) было организовано на базе Республиканского научного центра неотложной медицинской помощи (Астана, Республика Казахстан) в августе 2010 г. С июля 2014 г. организован клинический департамент на 60 коек, и было учреждено АО «Национальный научный Центр онкологии и трансплантации». С 2010 по 2016 гг. начали внедряться различные типы трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – от аутологичной ТКМ до аллогенной ТГСК от совместимых доноров (33% в 2016 г.) и гаплоидентичной ТГСК (43% от общего числа пересадок в 2016 г.). Всего с 2010 г. в отделении проведены 186 ТГСК. Костный мозг в качестве трансплантата использовали в 71 случае (71 донор для алло-ТГСК 69 реципиентам), тогда как периферические стволовые клетки заготавливали в 73 случаях (15 доноров для алло-ТГСК), и 58 заготовок костного мозга для аутологичных ТКМ). Особый вклад в развитие нашей клиники ТКМ и регистра доноров костного мозга внесли ведущие специалисты НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой в Санкт-Петербурге. Эти мероприятия по обучению и образованию позволили организовать эффективную структуру для ТГСК за 3 года. Такая помощь оказывалась по линии консультирования тяжелых клинических случаев, назначения оптимальных режимов трансплантации, анализа сложных клинических случаев, в виде конференций и мастер-классов.Ключевые слова
Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, организация клиники, Астана, казахстанский опыт." } ["ORGANIZATION_RU"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "11219" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(239) "Департамент трансплантации костного мозга, Национальный научный центр онкологии и трансплантации, Астана, Республика Казахстан" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(239) "Департамент трансплантации костного мозга, Национальный научный центр онкологии и трансплантации, Астана, Республика Казахстан" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(239) "Департамент трансплантации костного мозга, Национальный научный центр онкологии и трансплантации, Астана, Республика Казахстан" } } } }
Case report
Case report
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Гиндина, Николай Н. Мамаев, Елена С. Николаева, Ирина А. Петрова, Елена И. Дарская, Ольга В. Пирогова, Яна В. Гудожникова, Олеся В. Паина, Александр Л. Алянский, Сергей Н. Бондаренко, Людмила С. Зубаровская, Борис В. Афанасьев [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Татьяна Л. Гиндина, Николай Н. Мамаев, Елена С. Николаева, Ирина А. Петрова, Елена И. Дарская, Ольга В. Пирогова, Яна В. Гудожникова, Олеся В. Паина, Александр Л. Алянский, Сергей Н. Бондаренко, Людмила С. Зубаровская, Борис В. Афанасьев [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Авторы [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [ORGANIZATION_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 26 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Организации [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => ORGANIZATION_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 26 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11007 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой; кафедра гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии ПДО, Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой; кафедра гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии ПДО, Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Организации [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [SUMMARY_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 27 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Описание/Резюме [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => SUMMARY_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 27 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11008 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => <h3>Резюме</h3> Дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА) при Ph-позитивном остром лимфобластном лейкозе (Ph+ ОЛЛ) встречаются довольно часто, однако, их прогностическое значение в эру тирозин-киназных ингибиторов и аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) до конца не изучено. Недавнее исследование [1] показало, что ДХА оказывают неблагоприятный эффект на результаты трансплантации у взрослых больных Ph+ ОЛЛ.<br> <h3>Пациенты и методы</h3> Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения смешанной когорты больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, 19 детей и 46 взрослых, которым алло-ТГСК была выполнена в нашем университете в период с 2008 по 2015 годы. Среди 65 больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, данные стандартного цитогенетического исследования перед алло-ТГСК были доступны у 53 больных. <br> <h3>Результаты</h3> Тридцать три из 53 больных (51%) имели изолированную транслокацию t(9;22). ДХА были выявлены у 20/53 (31%) больных, включая 13/53 (20%) больных с 3 и более хромосомными аномалиями. Наиболее частыми хромосомами, вовлекающимися в дополнительные нарушения были 1, 5, 7, 9, 22. Структурные аномалии из числа ДХА были несбалансированными у 16 (80%) больных, в то время только 4 (20%) больных имели сбалансированные транслокации. При однофакторном анализе прогностическими факторами, связанными с лучшей ОВ и БСВ были тип донора (совместимый родственный/совместимый неродственный vs. гаплоидентичный; p=0,02), клинический статус на момент ТГСК (1 ремиссия vs. другой статус; p=0,01, только для БСВ), дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА- vs. ДХА+; p=0,04, только для ОВ) и, особенно, комплексные хромосомные аномалии (<3ХА vs ≥3ХА; p=0,01, только для ОВ). Согласно многофакторному анализу независимыми прогностическими факторами клинических исходов являются комплексные хромосомные аномалии на кариотип (HR 2,79, 95% ДИ 1,23-6,34; р=0,01, только для ОВ) и клинический статус на момент ТГСК (HR 2,15, 95% ДИ 1,13-4,09; р=0,01, только для БСВ).<br> <h3>Заключение</h3> Исследование показало, что комплексные хромосомные аномалии и статус заболевания на момент ТГСК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами в смешанной когорте больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, леченных ТГСК. <br> <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Острый лимфобластный лейкоз, Ph1-позитивный, алло-ТГСК, дополнительные хромосомные аномалии. [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] =>Резюме
Дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА) при Ph-позитивном остром лимфобластном лейкозе (Ph+ ОЛЛ) встречаются довольно часто, однако, их прогностическое значение в эру тирозин-киназных ингибиторов и аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) до конца не изучено. Недавнее исследование [1] показало, что ДХА оказывают неблагоприятный эффект на результаты трансплантации у взрослых больных Ph+ ОЛЛ.
Пациенты и методы
Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения смешанной когорты больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, 19 детей и 46 взрослых, которым алло-ТГСК была выполнена в нашем университете в период с 2008 по 2015 годы. Среди 65 больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, данные стандартного цитогенетического исследования перед алло-ТГСК были доступны у 53 больных.
Результаты
Тридцать три из 53 больных (51%) имели изолированную транслокацию t(9;22). ДХА были выявлены у 20/53 (31%) больных, включая 13/53 (20%) больных с 3 и более хромосомными аномалиями. Наиболее частыми хромосомами, вовлекающимися в дополнительные нарушения были 1, 5, 7, 9, 22. Структурные аномалии из числа ДХА были несбалансированными у 16 (80%) больных, в то время только 4 (20%) больных имели сбалансированные транслокации. При однофакторном анализе прогностическими факторами, связанными с лучшей ОВ и БСВ были тип донора (совместимый родственный/совместимый неродственный vs. гаплоидентичный; p=0,02), клинический статус на момент ТГСК (1 ремиссия vs. другой статус; p=0,01, только для БСВ), дополнительные хромосомные аномалии (ДХА- vs. ДХА+; p=0,04, только для ОВ) и, особенно, комплексные хромосомные аномалии (<3ХА vs ≥3ХА; p=0,01, только для ОВ). Согласно многофакторному анализу независимыми прогностическими факторами клинических исходов являются комплексные хромосомные аномалии на кариотип (HR 2,79, 95% ДИ 1,23-6,34; р=0,01, только для ОВ) и клинический статус на момент ТГСК (HR 2,15, 95% ДИ 1,13-4,09; р=0,01, только для БСВ).
Заключение
Исследование показало, что комплексные хромосомные аномалии и статус заболевания на момент ТГСК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами в смешанной когорте больных Ph+ ОЛЛ, леченных ТГСК.
Ключевые слова
Острый лимфобластный лейкоз, Ph1-позитивный, алло-ТГСК, дополнительные хромосомные аномалии. [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Описание/Резюме [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [DOI] => Array ( [ID] => 28 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2016-04-06 14:11:12 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => DOI [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => DOI [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 80 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 28 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11004 [VALUE] => 10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-10-19 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-10-19 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => DOI [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [AUTHOR_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 37 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Author [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => AUTHOR_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 37 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11032 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Tatiana L. Gindina, Nikolai N. Mamaev, Elena S. Nikolaeva, Irina A. Petrova, Elena I. Darskaya, Olga V. Pirogova, Yana V. Gudozhnikova, Olesya V. Paina, Alexander L. Alyanskyi, Sergey N. Bondarenko, Ludmila S. Zubarovskaya, Boris V. Afanasyev [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Tatiana L. Gindina, Nikolai N. Mamaev, Elena S. Nikolaeva, Irina A. Petrova, Elena I. Darskaya, Olga V. Pirogova, Yana V. Gudozhnikova, Olesya V. Paina, Alexander L. Alyanskyi, Sergey N. Bondarenko, Ludmila S. Zubarovskaya, Boris V. Afanasyev [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Author [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [ORGANIZATION_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 38 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Organization [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => ORGANIZATION_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 38 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11033 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First St. Petersburg I. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Organization [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [SUMMARY_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 39 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Description / Summary [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => SUMMARY_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 39 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11034 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) are rather common in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, their prognostic significance in the era of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still poorly known. A recent study [1] has shown that ACA exert unfavorable effect upon HSCT results in adult patients with Ph+ALL. <h3>Patients and methods</h3> We have performed a retrospective analysis of treatment results for a mixed cohort of the patients with Ph+ ALL, including 19 children (aged 5 – 18 y.o.) and 46 adults (aged 19 – 57 y.o.) who received allo-HSCT at our Institute over 2008 to 2015. Among sixty-five subjects with Ph+ ALL, the results of standard cytogenetic studies were available for 53 patients. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-three patients of 53 (51%) exhibited an isolated t(9;22) translocation. ACA were revealed in 20/53 patients (31%), including 13/53 (20%) subjects with 3 and more chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 22 were most commonly affected with additional anomalies. Structural abnormalities attributable to ACA were imbalanced in 16 patients (80%), whereas only 4 patients (20%) showed balanced translocations. In a univariate analysis, significance was shown for the donor type (matched related and unrelated vs haploidentical, p=0.02), clinical stage at HSCT (1st remission vs other stages, p=0.01, for EFS only), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA-negative vs ACA-positive, p=0.04, for OS only), and, in particular, complex chromosomal aberrations (<3 anomalies vs ≥3 anomalies, p=0.01, for OS only). According to multivariate analysis, the number of additional chromosomal abnormalities per karyotype (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23-6.34; р=0.01, for OS only) and clinical stage at HSCT (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.09; р=0.01, for EFS only) are independent prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study has shown that complex chromosomal anomalies and the stage of disease at the moment of HSCT are independent prognostic factors in a mixed cohort of Ph+ ALL patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. <h3>Keywords</h3> Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph1-positive, allo-HSCT, additional chromosomal abnormalities. [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) are rather common in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, their prognostic significance in the era of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still poorly known. A recent study [1] has shown that ACA exert unfavorable effect upon HSCT results in adult patients with Ph+ALL.Patients and methods
We have performed a retrospective analysis of treatment results for a mixed cohort of the patients with Ph+ ALL, including 19 children (aged 5 – 18 y.o.) and 46 adults (aged 19 – 57 y.o.) who received allo-HSCT at our Institute over 2008 to 2015. Among sixty-five subjects with Ph+ ALL, the results of standard cytogenetic studies were available for 53 patients.Results
Thirty-three patients of 53 (51%) exhibited an isolated t(9;22) translocation. ACA were revealed in 20/53 patients (31%), including 13/53 (20%) subjects with 3 and more chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 22 were most commonly affected with additional anomalies. Structural abnormalities attributable to ACA were imbalanced in 16 patients (80%), whereas only 4 patients (20%) showed balanced translocations. In a univariate analysis, significance was shown for the donor type (matched related and unrelated vs haploidentical, p=0.02), clinical stage at HSCT (1st remission vs other stages, p=0.01, for EFS only), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA-negative vs ACA-positive, p=0.04, for OS only), and, in particular, complex chromosomal aberrations (<3 anomalies vs ≥3 anomalies, p=0.01, for OS only). According to multivariate analysis, the number of additional chromosomal abnormalities per karyotype (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23-6.34; р=0.01, for OS only) and clinical stage at HSCT (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.09; р=0.01, for EFS only) are independent prognostic factors for clinical outcomes.Conclusion
The study has shown that complex chromosomal anomalies and the stage of disease at the moment of HSCT are independent prognostic factors in a mixed cohort of Ph+ ALL patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Keywords
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph1-positive, allo-HSCT, additional chromosomal abnormalities. [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Description / Summary [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [NAME_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 40 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:49:47 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Name [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => NAME_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 80 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 40 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => Y [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11005 [VALUE] => Results of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a mixed cohort of patients with Ph-positive acute lympho-blastic leukemia [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Results of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a mixed cohort of patients with Ph-positive acute lympho-blastic leukemia [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Name [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [FULL_TEXT_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 42 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-07 20:29:18 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Полный текст [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => FULL_TEXT_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 42 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => [VALUE] => [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Полный текст [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [PDF_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 43 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => PDF RUS [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => PDF_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => F [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 43 [FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11021 [VALUE] => 462 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 462 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => PDF RUS [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [PDF_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 44 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => PDF ENG [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => PDF_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => F [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 44 [FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11035 [VALUE] => 463 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 463 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => PDF ENG [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [NAME_LONG] => Array ( [ID] => 45 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2023-04-13 00:55:00 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков) [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => NAME_LONG [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TYPE] => HTML [TEXT] => ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 45 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 80 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => [VALUE] => [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков) [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TYPE] => HTML [TEXT] => ) ) )
Tatiana L. Gindina, Nikolai N. Mamaev, Elena S. Nikolaeva, Irina A. Petrova, Elena I. Darskaya, Olga V. Pirogova, Yana V. Gudozhnikova, Olesya V. Paina, Alexander L. Alyanskyi, Sergey N. Bondarenko, Ludmila S. Zubarovskaya, Boris V. Afanasyev
Patients and methods
We have performed a retrospective analysis of treatment results for a mixed cohort of the patients with Ph+ ALL, including 19 children (aged 5 – 18 y.o.) and 46 adults (aged 19 – 57 y.o.) who received allo-HSCT at our Institute over 2008 to 2015. Among sixty-five subjects with Ph+ ALL, the results of standard cytogenetic studies were available for 53 patients.Results
Thirty-three patients of 53 (51%) exhibited an isolated t(9;22) translocation. ACA were revealed in 20/53 patients (31%), including 13/53 (20%) subjects with 3 and more chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 22 were most commonly affected with additional anomalies. Structural abnormalities attributable to ACA were imbalanced in 16 patients (80%), whereas only 4 patients (20%) showed balanced translocations. In a univariate analysis, significance was shown for the donor type (matched related and unrelated vs haploidentical, p=0.02), clinical stage at HSCT (1st remission vs other stages, p=0.01, for EFS only), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA-negative vs ACA-positive, p=0.04, for OS only), and, in particular, complex chromosomal aberrations (<3 anomalies vs ≥3 anomalies, p=0.01, for OS only). According to multivariate analysis, the number of additional chromosomal abnormalities per karyotype (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23-6.34; р=0.01, for OS only) and clinical stage at HSCT (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.09; р=0.01, for EFS only) are independent prognostic factors for clinical outcomes.Conclusion
The study has shown that complex chromosomal anomalies and the stage of disease at the moment of HSCT are independent prognostic factors in a mixed cohort of Ph+ ALL patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Keywords
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph1-positive, allo-HSCT, additional chromosomal abnormalities.Case report
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Кучер, Олег В. Голощапов, Иван С. Моисеев, Борис В. Афанасьев [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Максим А. Кучер, Олег В. Голощапов, Иван С. Моисеев, Борис В. Афанасьев [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Авторы [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [ORGANIZATION_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 26 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Организации [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => ORGANIZATION_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 26 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11123 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой, Кафедра гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И. П. Павлова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой, Кафедра гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И. П. Павлова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Организации [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [SUMMARY_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 27 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Описание/Резюме [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => SUMMARY_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 27 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11124 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Резюме Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – радикальный метод лечения онкогематологических и наследственных заболеваний у взрослых и детей. Несмотря на свою эффективность, ТГСК ассоциирована со значительным числом жизнеугрожающих осложнений. Главные причины неудачи лечения – это летальность от септических осложнений, вызванных нозокомиальными поли- и панрезистентными штаммами бактерий, среди которых превалирует Clostridium difficile и Klebsiella pneumoniae, и иммунных осложнений, таких как острая и хроническая реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ), в основе которой лежит поражение органов пациента лимфоцитами донора. В большинстве случаев первичным органом-мишенью является желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ) в результате развития неконтролируемого воспаления и тяжелой диареи при РТПХ, а также кишечных инфекций, в частности – псевдомембранозного колита ассоциированного с Clostridium difficile на фоне массивной антибиотикотерапии. Одним из основных факторов риска развития РТПХ с вовлечением ЖКТ, псевдомембранозного колита и антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи после ТГСК считают элиминацию нормальной микробиоты кишечника. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты (ТФМ) здорового донора позволяет восстановить физиологическое микробное разнообразие и функциональную активность микробиоты кишечника и может приводить к эрадикации патогенных микроорганизмов, тем самым купируя инфекционные осложнения. <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, антибиотикорезистентность. [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Резюме Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – радикальный метод лечения онкогематологических и наследственных заболеваний у взрослых и детей. Несмотря на свою эффективность, ТГСК ассоциирована со значительным числом жизнеугрожающих осложнений. Главные причины неудачи лечения – это летальность от септических осложнений, вызванных нозокомиальными поли- и панрезистентными штаммами бактерий, среди которых превалирует Clostridium difficile и Klebsiella pneumoniae, и иммунных осложнений, таких как острая и хроническая реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ), в основе которой лежит поражение органов пациента лимфоцитами донора. В большинстве случаев первичным органом-мишенью является желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ) в результате развития неконтролируемого воспаления и тяжелой диареи при РТПХ, а также кишечных инфекций, в частности – псевдомембранозного колита ассоциированного с Clostridium difficile на фоне массивной антибиотикотерапии. Одним из основных факторов риска развития РТПХ с вовлечением ЖКТ, псевдомембранозного колита и антибиотико-ассоциированной диареи после ТГСК считают элиминацию нормальной микробиоты кишечника. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты (ТФМ) здорового донора позволяет восстановить физиологическое микробное разнообразие и функциональную активность микробиоты кишечника и может приводить к эрадикации патогенных микроорганизмов, тем самым купируя инфекционные осложнения.Ключевые слова
Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, антибиотикорезистентность. [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Описание/Резюме [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [DOI] => Array ( [ID] => 28 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2016-04-06 14:11:12 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => DOI [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => DOI [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 80 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 28 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11066 [VALUE] => 10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-20-29 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-20-29 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => DOI [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [AUTHOR_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 37 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Author [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => AUTHOR_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 37 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11118 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Maxim A. Kucher, Oleg V. Goloschapov, Ivan S. Moiseev, Boris V. Afanasyev [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Maxim A. Kucher, Oleg V. Goloschapov, Ivan S. Moiseev, Boris V. Afanasyev [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Author [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [ORGANIZATION_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 38 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Organization [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => ORGANIZATION_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 38 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11119 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; Chair of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia;<br> Dr. Maxim A. Kucher, Head, Department of Clinical Nutrition, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia, L. Tolstoy St. 6-8, 197022<br> Phone: 8 (812) 338 6260, +7 (921) 993 9902 E-mail: doctorkucher@yandex.ru [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; Chair of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantation, The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia;
Dr. Maxim A. Kucher, Head, Department of Clinical Nutrition, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia, L. Tolstoy St. 6-8, 197022
Phone: 8 (812) 338 6260, +7 (921) 993 9902 E-mail: doctorkucher@yandex.ru [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Organization [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [SUMMARY_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 39 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Description / Summary [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => SUMMARY_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 39 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11120 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective method of treatment for hematological, malignant and hereditary diseases in adults and children. Despite its efficiency, HSCT is associated with several potential life-threatening complications. Mortality from bloodstream infections is the main limiting factor for HSCT. Those are caused by bacterial strains refractory to antimicrobial treatment, e.g., Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and due to immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host disease” (GvHD), which represents a conflict between donor lymphocytes and patients’ tissues. In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is primarily damaged post-HSCT, as a result of enhanced inflammation, serious diarrhea manifesting in GvHD and intestinal infections, in particular – pseudo-membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GvHD, pseudo-membranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea post-HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications. <h3>Keywords</h3> Fecal microbiota transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antibiotic resistance. [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective method of treatment for hematological, malignant and hereditary diseases in adults and children. Despite its efficiency, HSCT is associated with several potential life-threatening complications. Mortality from bloodstream infections is the main limiting factor for HSCT. Those are caused by bacterial strains refractory to antimicrobial treatment, e.g., Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and due to immune complications, such as acute and chronic “graft versus host disease” (GvHD), which represents a conflict between donor lymphocytes and patients’ tissues. In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is primarily damaged post-HSCT, as a result of enhanced inflammation, serious diarrhea manifesting in GvHD and intestinal infections, in particular – pseudo-membranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile which often occur after massive antibiotic therapy. Elimination of normal intestinal microbiota is a sufficient risk factor for GIT GvHD, pseudo-membranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea post-HSCT. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors allows restoration of a physiological microbial variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to eradication of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore abrogating infectious complications.Keywords
Fecal microbiota transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antibiotic resistance. [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Description / Summary [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [NAME_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 40 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:49:47 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Name [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => NAME_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 80 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 40 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => Y [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11067 [VALUE] => Fecal microbiota transplantation as a method to treat complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Fecal microbiota transplantation as a method to treat complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Name [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [FULL_TEXT_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 42 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-07 20:29:18 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Полный текст [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => FULL_TEXT_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 42 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => [VALUE] => [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Полный текст [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [PDF_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 43 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => PDF RUS [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => PDF_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => F [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 43 [FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11125 [VALUE] => 467 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 467 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => PDF RUS [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [PDF_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 44 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => PDF ENG [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => PDF_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => F [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 44 [FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11121 [VALUE] => 466 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 466 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => PDF ENG [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [NAME_LONG] => Array ( [ID] => 45 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2023-04-13 00:55:00 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков) [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => NAME_LONG [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TYPE] => HTML [TEXT] => ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 45 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 80 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => [VALUE] => [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков) [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TYPE] => HTML [TEXT] => ) ) )
Maxim A. Kucher, Oleg V. Goloschapov, Ivan S. Moiseev, Boris V. Afanasyev
Dr. Maxim A. Kucher, Head, Department of Clinical Nutrition, R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; The First State I. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia, L. Tolstoy St. 6-8, 197022
Phone: 8 (812) 338 6260, +7 (921) 993 9902 E-mail: doctorkucher@yandex.ru
Keywords
Fecal microbiota transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antibiotic resistance.Case report
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Кемайкин, Анастасия A. Олифирович, Александр В. Колеснев, Анатолий В. Немеровченко, Рузаль Ф. Вильданова, Ольга В. Гайнутдинова, Адия А. Тусипова, Аяужан Е. Есимбекова, Алия K. Баймурзина, Айзат С. Сулейменова, Ольга O. Лесечко, Гульназ Д. Ансатбаева, Мария С. Алимбетова [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Вадим М. Кемайкин, Анастасия A. Олифирович, Александр В. Колеснев, Анатолий В. Немеровченко, Рузаль Ф. Вильданова, Ольга В. Гайнутдинова, Адия А. Тусипова, Аяужан Е. Есимбекова, Алия K. Баймурзина, Айзат С. Сулейменова, Ольга O. Лесечко, Гульназ Д. Ансатбаева, Мария С. Алимбетова [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Авторы [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [ORGANIZATION_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 26 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Организации [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => ORGANIZATION_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 26 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11219 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Департамент трансплантации костного мозга, Национальный научный центр онкологии и трансплантации, Астана, Республика Казахстан [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Департамент трансплантации костного мозга, Национальный научный центр онкологии и трансплантации, Астана, Республика Казахстан [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Организации [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [SUMMARY_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 27 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Описание/Резюме [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => SUMMARY_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 27 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11220 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => <h3>Резюме</h3> Отделение онкогематологии и трансплантации костного мозга (ТКМ) было организовано на базе Республиканского научного центра неотложной медицинской помощи (Астана, Республика Казахстан) в августе 2010 г. С июля 2014 г. организован клинический департамент на 60 коек, и было учреждено АО «Национальный научный Центр онкологии и трансплантации». С 2010 по 2016 гг. начали внедряться различные типы трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – от аутологичной ТКМ до аллогенной ТГСК от совместимых доноров (33% в 2016 г.) и гаплоидентичной ТГСК (43% от общего числа пересадок в 2016 г.). Всего с 2010 г. в отделении проведены 186 ТГСК. Костный мозг в качестве трансплантата использовали в 71 случае (71 донор для алло-ТГСК 69 реципиентам), тогда как периферические стволовые клетки заготавливали в 73 случаях (15 доноров для алло-ТГСК), и 58 заготовок костного мозга для аутологичных ТКМ). Особый вклад в развитие нашей клиники ТКМ и регистра доноров костного мозга внесли ведущие специалисты НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой в Санкт-Петербурге. Эти мероприятия по обучению и образованию позволили организовать эффективную структуру для ТГСК за 3 года. Такая помощь оказывалась по линии консультирования тяжелых клинических случаев, назначения оптимальных режимов трансплантации, анализа сложных клинических случаев, в виде конференций и мастер-классов. <br> <h3>Ключевые слова</h3> Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, организация клиники, Астана, казахстанский опыт.<br> [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] =>Резюме
Отделение онкогематологии и трансплантации костного мозга (ТКМ) было организовано на базе Республиканского научного центра неотложной медицинской помощи (Астана, Республика Казахстан) в августе 2010 г. С июля 2014 г. организован клинический департамент на 60 коек, и было учреждено АО «Национальный научный Центр онкологии и трансплантации». С 2010 по 2016 гг. начали внедряться различные типы трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – от аутологичной ТКМ до аллогенной ТГСК от совместимых доноров (33% в 2016 г.) и гаплоидентичной ТГСК (43% от общего числа пересадок в 2016 г.). Всего с 2010 г. в отделении проведены 186 ТГСК. Костный мозг в качестве трансплантата использовали в 71 случае (71 донор для алло-ТГСК 69 реципиентам), тогда как периферические стволовые клетки заготавливали в 73 случаях (15 доноров для алло-ТГСК), и 58 заготовок костного мозга для аутологичных ТКМ). Особый вклад в развитие нашей клиники ТКМ и регистра доноров костного мозга внесли ведущие специалисты НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой в Санкт-Петербурге. Эти мероприятия по обучению и образованию позволили организовать эффективную структуру для ТГСК за 3 года. Такая помощь оказывалась по линии консультирования тяжелых клинических случаев, назначения оптимальных режимов трансплантации, анализа сложных клинических случаев, в виде конференций и мастер-классов.
Ключевые слова
Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, организация клиники, Астана, казахстанский опыт.
[TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Описание/Резюме [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [DOI] => Array ( [ID] => 28 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2016-04-06 14:11:12 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => DOI [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => DOI [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 80 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 28 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11180 [VALUE] => 10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-30-36 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2017-6-1-30-36 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => DOI [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [AUTHOR_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 37 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Author [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => AUTHOR_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 37 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11256 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Vadim M. Kemaikin, Anastasiya A. Olifirovich, Alexandr V. Kolesnev, Anatoliy V. Nemerovchenko, Ruzal F. Vildanova, Olga V. Gainutdinova, Adiya A. Tusipova, Ayauzhan E. Esimbekova, Aliya K. Baimursina, Ayzat S. Suleimenova, Olga O. Lesechko, Gulnaz D. Ansatbaeva, Mariya S. Alimbetova [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Vadim M. Kemaikin, Anastasiya A. Olifirovich, Alexandr V. Kolesnev, Anatoliy V. Nemerovchenko, Ruzal F. Vildanova, Olga V. Gainutdinova, Adiya A. Tusipova, Ayauzhan E. Esimbekova, Aliya K. Baimursina, Ayzat S. Suleimenova, Olga O. Lesechko, Gulnaz D. Ansatbaeva, Mariya S. Alimbetova [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Author [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [ORGANIZATION_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 38 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Organization [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => ORGANIZATION_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 38 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11257 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan<br> Dr. Vadim M. Kemaikin, Chief, BMT Department, National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation, Kerey, Zhanibek Khanov st., 3, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan<br> Phone: +7 7172 70 29 41 E-mail: hematology.astana@gmail.com [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
Dr. Vadim M. Kemaikin, Chief, BMT Department, National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation, Kerey, Zhanibek Khanov st., 3, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
Phone: +7 7172 70 29 41 E-mail: hematology.astana@gmail.com [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Organization [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [SUMMARY_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 39 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Description / Summary [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => SUMMARY_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 39 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11258 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => The Unit of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) was arranged on basis of the Republican Research Center of Hospital Emergencies SC (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan) in August 2010. Since July 2014, a Clinical Department with 69 beds was arranged, and National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation SC was arranged. From 2010 to 2016, the modalities of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been advanced, from autologous BMT to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) from matched donors (33%), and haploidentical HSCTs (43% in 2016), a total of 186 transpants. Bone marrow was used as a source of stem cells in 71 cases (71 donors for allo-HSCT in 69 recipients), whereas peripheral stem cells were harvested in 73 cases (15 donors for 15 recipients of allo-BMT, and 58 marrow harvests for autologous BMT). In particular, our BMT clinic and Bone Marrow Donor Registry developed with invaluable support and contribution by the leading specialists from R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the St. Petersburg. This system of education and training allowed to arrange an effective HSCT structure within 3 years. This assistance was performed in order to consult severe patients, arrange optimal transplantation regimens, analyze difficult clinical cases, perform master classes and conferences. <h3>Keywords</h3> Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, clinical advancements, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => The Unit of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) was arranged on basis of the Republican Research Center of Hospital Emergencies SC (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan) in August 2010. Since July 2014, a Clinical Department with 69 beds was arranged, and National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation SC was arranged. From 2010 to 2016, the modalities of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been advanced, from autologous BMT to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) from matched donors (33%), and haploidentical HSCTs (43% in 2016), a total of 186 transpants. Bone marrow was used as a source of stem cells in 71 cases (71 donors for allo-HSCT in 69 recipients), whereas peripheral stem cells were harvested in 73 cases (15 donors for 15 recipients of allo-BMT, and 58 marrow harvests for autologous BMT). In particular, our BMT clinic and Bone Marrow Donor Registry developed with invaluable support and contribution by the leading specialists from R. Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation at the St. Petersburg. This system of education and training allowed to arrange an effective HSCT structure within 3 years. This assistance was performed in order to consult severe patients, arrange optimal transplantation regimens, analyze difficult clinical cases, perform master classes and conferences.Keywords
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, clinical advancements, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. [TYPE] => HTML ) [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Description / Summary [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [NAME_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 40 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:49:47 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Name [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => NAME_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 80 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 40 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => Y [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11181 [VALUE] => Astana experience: Department of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National Research Center of Oncology and Transplantation [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Astana experience: Department of Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National Research Center of Oncology and Transplantation [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Name [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [FULL_TEXT_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 42 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-07 20:29:18 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Полный текст [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => FULL_TEXT_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 42 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => [VALUE] => [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Полный текст [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => [TYPE] => HTML ) ) [PDF_RU] => Array ( [ID] => 43 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => PDF RUS [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => PDF_RU [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => F [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 43 [FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11221 [VALUE] => 469 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 469 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => PDF RUS [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [PDF_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 44 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => PDF ENG [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => PDF_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => F [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 44 [FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 11259 [VALUE] => 470 [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => 470 [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => PDF ENG [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [NAME_LONG] => Array ( [ID] => 45 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2023-04-13 00:55:00 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков) [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 500 [CODE] => NAME_LONG [DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TYPE] => HTML [TEXT] => ) [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => 45 [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 80 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => [VALUE] => [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков) [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array ( [TYPE] => HTML [TEXT] => ) ) )
Vadim M. Kemaikin, Anastasiya A. Olifirovich, Alexandr V. Kolesnev, Anatoliy V. Nemerovchenko, Ruzal F. Vildanova, Olga V. Gainutdinova, Adiya A. Tusipova, Ayauzhan E. Esimbekova, Aliya K. Baimursina, Ayzat S. Suleimenova, Olga O. Lesechko, Gulnaz D. Ansatbaeva, Mariya S. Alimbetova
Dr. Vadim M. Kemaikin, Chief, BMT Department, National Research Centre for Oncology and Transplantation, Kerey, Zhanibek Khanov st., 3, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
Phone: +7 7172 70 29 41 E-mail: hematology.astana@gmail.com