Portrait of A. A. Maximow in the uniform of the Russian Army general (taken between 1903 and 1910, from the archive of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy named after him, Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia)
The international hematological community marks 2009 as the 100-year anniversary of the publication of the famous paper by the prominent Russian scientist A. A. Maximow, in which he proposed the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis. It is noteworthy to mention that in this summary paper "Der Lymphozyt als gemeinsame Stammzelle der verschiedenen Blutelemente in der embryonalen Entwicklung und im postfetalen Leben der Säugetiere" ("Folia Haematologica", Vol. VIII, 1909), it was postulated that the lymphocyte-like cell acts as a common stem cell and migrates through tissues to seed in appropriate environments. 100 years later, the announcement text for the German Hematology-Oncology meeting, scheduled for 2–6 October 2009, reads “The hematologist Alexander Maximow who worked in Berlin introduced the term "stem cell" for the complete blood-building system in 1909, which is exactly 100 years ago”.
Interestingly, in the review published in the 50th Anniversary Issue of the American Society of Hematology (50th anniversary review, 2008) “Stem-cell ecology and stem cells in motion” by T. Papayannopoulou and D. T. Scadden, the part “Historic travelogue for circulating stem cells” starts with the quotation by A. A. Maximow "...[U]nder the influence of stimulation, they [hemocytoblasts, aka stem cells] can be mobilized and become transformed into free, wandering ... elements ... ." [1]. Further in the review it is postulated that the concept of circulating stem cells was first presented as a vision at the dawn of the 20th century by A. A. Maximow.
Alexander A. Maximow was an outstanding Russian scientist who developed and introduced the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis (i.e., "common stem cell for all blood elements"), and pioneered other concepts about stem cells and their microecological niches within bone marrow stroma.
Alexander A. Maximow was born in St. Petersburg on January 22, 1874. After finishing at a German gymnasium in St. Petersburg in 1891 with a top award for academic excellence, he entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy. During his study there, Maximow showed a keen interest in morphological problems and won a special distinction for his work on the experimental production of amyloid entitled "The histogenesis of experimentally induced amyloid degeneration of animal liver" ("Russian Archive of Pathology", Vol. I, 1896, in Russian). He graduated from the Academy in 1896 with another gold medal and, accordingly, his name was printed on the marble honor plaque at the main building of the Imperial Military Medical Academy. After receiving his MD degree A. A. Maximow worked as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Pathology for three years. In 1899 he was awarded his Ph.D. after a successful defense of his doctoral dissertation dealing with the pathological regeneration of the testes. From 1900 until 1902 Maximow worked in Freiburg and Berlin, Germany, in the field of embryology and experimental pathology. Then he returned to St. Petersburg and first procured a position of Privat-Dozent of Pathology and later (in 1903) of Professor of the Department of Histology and Embryology at the Military Medical Academy, which he held until 1922 (Figure 1).
Figure 1. The entrance to the Military Medical Academy building, where the Departments of Histology, Anatomy, and Pathology are located. Maximow worked at the Department of Histology, located on the second floor. Modern view (from the archive of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy named after A. A. Maximow, Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia)
During this period Maximow made his major fundamental and experimental findings in hematology and histology. Maximow’s authority as a prominent expert was growing, and he was elected to the position of Professor of the Department Embryology at the St. Petersburg University in 1919 and became a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1920. It’s of interest to note that the first Russian Nobel Prize winner in the field of medicine and physiology, Prof. I. P. Pavlov, supported Maximow’s nomination for the latter position. Unfortunately there were no possibilities to continue research in Russia after the communist revolution of October 1917 and, as the result of this, A. A. Maximow emigrated to the USA in 1922, where he took the position of Professor of the Anatomy Department at the University of Chicago. He worked there until his death in 1928 (Figure 2).
Figure 2. The house in Chicago where A. A. Maximow lived (from the archive of the Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia)
Maximow died on December 3rd, 1928, at the age of 55. He passed away unexpectedly, at the peak of his professional career, while actively and seriously involved in theoretical and experimental work. He is buried at the Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago [2, 3].
Maximow's contribution to fundamental and experimental hematology and histology can be hardly overestimated. In the first phase of his career, from 1896 until 1902, he published both descriptive and experimental papers in the field of normal histology and pathology, establishing the background for his future work. In 1902 he published his monograph on experimental aseptic inflammation (the findings of his work in E. Zeigler’s laboratory), which is considered to be the classic work in the field and “is still admired today as a pioneering study of great foresight and exactness” [4].
The next phase of Maximow’s career, from 1902 until 1922, was focused on research devoted to the histogenesis of blood and connective tissue. His pioneering studies were the result of experimental investigations into the problems of this field. In 1906 Maximow proposed the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis (Anat. Anz. 28: 24–38, 1906). He updated and confirmed this theory in his later works (1909–1928) by proving that all blood cells develop from a common mother cell. Among his other experimental findings were confirmatory evidence that “polyblasts”, lymphocyte-like cells of the blood as well as of lymph nodes, are undifferentiated cells, and proof of the purely extracellular origin of argyrophile and collagenous fibers in tissue cultures.
At that time A. A. Maximow implemented the newly discovered method of tissue culturing in his research (in 1914), which he considered to be of great value. He used this method to verify the relationship between blood and connective tissue cells, and to prove the concept of structure and development of blood and connective tissue cells. In the current exposition at the museum of the Department of Histology of the Military Medical Academy, Maximow’s thermostat for tissue cultures, microscope, reagents, histological tools and other belongings are on display, carefully preserved for nearly a century (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Maximow’s microscope at the collection of the museum of the Department of Histology of the Military Medical Academy (from the archive of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy named after A. A. Maximow, Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia)
In 1914 Maximow published his two-volume textbook The Essence of Histology (Osnovi Histologii in Russian). This book became the standard textbook for students in Russian medical universities and remains a useful manual for histologists. This book later became the basis of the famous Textbook of Histology.
In his time at the Military Medical Academy Maximow developed his major scientific concepts and confirmed these via experimental studies as well as creating schools of thought in histology.
During the last six years of his life in Chicago Maximow was deeply involved in experimental work. At the same time he published more than 20 papers: some of them are based on the results obtained in his laboratory in St. Petersburg; others deal with his findings in Chicago. It is worth mentioning his monograph summarizing both fundamental and experimental issues on connective tissue and hematopoiesis in embryonic and adult organisms. It was published in von Moellendorff’s Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen in 1928, the year of his death. Dr. W. Bloom, of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, worked closely with Maximow in the last four years of his life. Bloom then continued Maximow’s work and brought the Textbook on Histology to completion, a book that became a standard text for many generations of medical students and ran to 12 editions after its original publication in 1930 (Figure 4).
Figure 4. The building of the Chamber of Anatomy and Histology at University of Chicago (from the archive of the Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia)
A. A. Maximow was not only a world famous scientist but an extraordinary personality. He was a refined Russian aristocrat, and a polyglot who spoke fluent English, German, and French. Maximow was a brilliant lecturer, and his presentations were always exciting. He was a talented artist who made wonderful drawings, the unique feature of which is their dramatic precision. Maximow’s Essence of Histology (1914), which is now preserved at the library of the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg, is accompanied by the drawings made by its author (Figure 5). The collection of Alexander A. Maximow’s papers at the University of Chicago contains numerous drawings he made, along with correspondence, laboratory notes and sketches, manuscripts of scientific papers and addresses, English translations of Maximow's Russian works, Russian textbooks, and photographs [5].
Figure 5. The first page of the first edition of the Essence of Histology by Maximow (1914), and Maximow’s drawing of red blood cells in this textbook (the collection of the library of the Military Medical Academy, from the archive of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy named after A. A. Maximow, Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia)
In conclusion, the presentation of these biographical notes on Alexander A. Maximow in the special issue of the Journal “Cellular Therapy and Transplantation” did not occur by chance. A. A. Maximow is considered to be the founder of the hematopoietic stem cell concept. The year 1909, the year the paper "Der Lymphozyt als gemeinsame Stammzelle der verschiedenen Blutelemente in der embryonalen Entwicklung und im postfetalen Leben der Säugetiere" was published, is considered to be the starting point of the stem cell epoch, though the proof of the development of all tissue cell lineages from one single cell came much later [6-8].
Remarkably, nearly 50 years later, the hematopoietic stem cell concept in its present interpretation forms the basis for revolutionary treatment strategies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, opening up a new era in the management of a variety of life-threatening hematological malignancies.
References
2. Konstantinov IE. In search of Alexander A. Maximow: the man behind the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis. Perspect Biol Med. 2000;43:269–76. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2000.0006.
3. Khlopin NG. Professor А.А. Maximow (obituary). Russkii arkhiv anatomii, gistologii, i embriologii. 1929;8(1):3-6. Russian.
4. Dusseau JL. Admiral Rozhestvensky charts the course of a textbook- the story of the Maximow-Bloom-Fawcett "Histology". Persp. Biol.Med. 1986;30:108-16.
5. The University of Chicago Library, Guide to the Alexander A. Maximow Papers 1902-1936, 2007.
7. Dick JE, Magli MC, Huszar D, Phillips RA, Bernstein A. Introduction of a selectable gene into primitive stem cells capable of long-term reconstitution of the hemopoietic system of W/Wv mice. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):71-9.
10. Scientific papers and drawings of Alexander A. Maximow. Department of Special Collections. The Joseph Regenstein Library, The University of Chicago.
Key papers by A. A. Maximow
1. Maximow A. Der Lymphozyt als gemeinsame Stammzelle der verschiedenen Blutelemente in der embryonalen Entwicklung und im postfetalen Leben der Säugetiere (Demonstrationsvortrag, gehalten in der außerordentlichen Sitzung der Berliner Hämatologischen Gesellschaft am 1. Juni 1909) Folia Haematologica 8.1909;125-134.
English translation. Russian translation.
2. Maximow A. Untersuchungen über Blut und Bindegewebe. III. Die embryonale Histogenese des Knochenmarks der Saugetiere. Arch mikr Anat. 1910;76:1-113.
3. Maximow AA. Osnovi Histologii. St.Petersburg. K.L. Rikker’s printing house. 1914-1915. Russian.
4. Maximow A. Relation of the blood cells to connective tissues and endothelium. Physiol Rev. 1924;4:553-563.
5. Maximow A. Über undifferenzierte Blutzellen und mesenchymale Keimlager im erwachsenen Organismus. Klin Wochensch. 1926;5:2193-2199.
6. Maximow A. Morphology of the mesenchymal reactions. Arch Pathol. 1927;4:557-606.
7. Maximow A. Development of non-granular leucocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes) into polyblasts (macrophages) and fibroblasts in vitro. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1927;24:570-572.
8. Maximow A. Cultures of blood leucocytes. From lymphocyte and monocyte to connective tissue. Arch Exp Zellforsch. 1928;5:169-268.
9. Maximow A. Bindegewebe und blutbildende Gewebe. In: Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Herausgegeben von W. Mollendorff. Berlin: Verlag von J. Springer. 1928. S. 238.
10. Maximow AA, Bloom W. A Text Book of Histology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 1930.
" ["~DETAIL_TEXT"]=> string(19517) "
Portrait of A. A. Maximow in the uniform of the Russian Army general (taken between 1903 and 1910, from the archive of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy named after him, Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia)
The international hematological community marks 2009 as the 100-year anniversary of the publication of the famous paper by the prominent Russian scientist A. A. Maximow, in which he proposed the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis. It is noteworthy to mention that in this summary paper "Der Lymphozyt als gemeinsame Stammzelle der verschiedenen Blutelemente in der embryonalen Entwicklung und im postfetalen Leben der Säugetiere" ("Folia Haematologica", Vol. VIII, 1909), it was postulated that the lymphocyte-like cell acts as a common stem cell and migrates through tissues to seed in appropriate environments. 100 years later, the announcement text for the German Hematology-Oncology meeting, scheduled for 2–6 October 2009, reads “The hematologist Alexander Maximow who worked in Berlin introduced the term "stem cell" for the complete blood-building system in 1909, which is exactly 100 years ago”.
Interestingly, in the review published in the 50th Anniversary Issue of the American Society of Hematology (50th anniversary review, 2008) “Stem-cell ecology and stem cells in motion” by T. Papayannopoulou and D. T. Scadden, the part “Historic travelogue for circulating stem cells” starts with the quotation by A. A. Maximow "...[U]nder the influence of stimulation, they [hemocytoblasts, aka stem cells] can be mobilized and become transformed into free, wandering ... elements ... ." [1]. Further in the review it is postulated that the concept of circulating stem cells was first presented as a vision at the dawn of the 20th century by A. A. Maximow.
Alexander A. Maximow was an outstanding Russian scientist who developed and introduced the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis (i.e., "common stem cell for all blood elements"), and pioneered other concepts about stem cells and their microecological niches within bone marrow stroma.
Alexander A. Maximow was born in St. Petersburg on January 22, 1874. After finishing at a German gymnasium in St. Petersburg in 1891 with a top award for academic excellence, he entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy. During his study there, Maximow showed a keen interest in morphological problems and won a special distinction for his work on the experimental production of amyloid entitled "The histogenesis of experimentally induced amyloid degeneration of animal liver" ("Russian Archive of Pathology", Vol. I, 1896, in Russian). He graduated from the Academy in 1896 with another gold medal and, accordingly, his name was printed on the marble honor plaque at the main building of the Imperial Military Medical Academy. After receiving his MD degree A. A. Maximow worked as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Pathology for three years. In 1899 he was awarded his Ph.D. after a successful defense of his doctoral dissertation dealing with the pathological regeneration of the testes. From 1900 until 1902 Maximow worked in Freiburg and Berlin, Germany, in the field of embryology and experimental pathology. Then he returned to St. Petersburg and first procured a position of Privat-Dozent of Pathology and later (in 1903) of Professor of the Department of Histology and Embryology at the Military Medical Academy, which he held until 1922 (Figure 1).
Figure 1. The entrance to the Military Medical Academy building, where the Departments of Histology, Anatomy, and Pathology are located. Maximow worked at the Department of Histology, located on the second floor. Modern view (from the archive of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy named after A. A. Maximow, Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia)
During this period Maximow made his major fundamental and experimental findings in hematology and histology. Maximow’s authority as a prominent expert was growing, and he was elected to the position of Professor of the Department Embryology at the St. Petersburg University in 1919 and became a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1920. It’s of interest to note that the first Russian Nobel Prize winner in the field of medicine and physiology, Prof. I. P. Pavlov, supported Maximow’s nomination for the latter position. Unfortunately there were no possibilities to continue research in Russia after the communist revolution of October 1917 and, as the result of this, A. A. Maximow emigrated to the USA in 1922, where he took the position of Professor of the Anatomy Department at the University of Chicago. He worked there until his death in 1928 (Figure 2).
Figure 2. The house in Chicago where A. A. Maximow lived (from the archive of the Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia)
Maximow died on December 3rd, 1928, at the age of 55. He passed away unexpectedly, at the peak of his professional career, while actively and seriously involved in theoretical and experimental work. He is buried at the Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago [2, 3].
Maximow's contribution to fundamental and experimental hematology and histology can be hardly overestimated. In the first phase of his career, from 1896 until 1902, he published both descriptive and experimental papers in the field of normal histology and pathology, establishing the background for his future work. In 1902 he published his monograph on experimental aseptic inflammation (the findings of his work in E. Zeigler’s laboratory), which is considered to be the classic work in the field and “is still admired today as a pioneering study of great foresight and exactness” [4].
The next phase of Maximow’s career, from 1902 until 1922, was focused on research devoted to the histogenesis of blood and connective tissue. His pioneering studies were the result of experimental investigations into the problems of this field. In 1906 Maximow proposed the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis (Anat. Anz. 28: 24–38, 1906). He updated and confirmed this theory in his later works (1909–1928) by proving that all blood cells develop from a common mother cell. Among his other experimental findings were confirmatory evidence that “polyblasts”, lymphocyte-like cells of the blood as well as of lymph nodes, are undifferentiated cells, and proof of the purely extracellular origin of argyrophile and collagenous fibers in tissue cultures.
At that time A. A. Maximow implemented the newly discovered method of tissue culturing in his research (in 1914), which he considered to be of great value. He used this method to verify the relationship between blood and connective tissue cells, and to prove the concept of structure and development of blood and connective tissue cells. In the current exposition at the museum of the Department of Histology of the Military Medical Academy, Maximow’s thermostat for tissue cultures, microscope, reagents, histological tools and other belongings are on display, carefully preserved for nearly a century (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Maximow’s microscope at the collection of the museum of the Department of Histology of the Military Medical Academy (from the archive of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy named after A. A. Maximow, Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia)
In 1914 Maximow published his two-volume textbook The Essence of Histology (Osnovi Histologii in Russian). This book became the standard textbook for students in Russian medical universities and remains a useful manual for histologists. This book later became the basis of the famous Textbook of Histology.
In his time at the Military Medical Academy Maximow developed his major scientific concepts and confirmed these via experimental studies as well as creating schools of thought in histology.
During the last six years of his life in Chicago Maximow was deeply involved in experimental work. At the same time he published more than 20 papers: some of them are based on the results obtained in his laboratory in St. Petersburg; others deal with his findings in Chicago. It is worth mentioning his monograph summarizing both fundamental and experimental issues on connective tissue and hematopoiesis in embryonic and adult organisms. It was published in von Moellendorff’s Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen in 1928, the year of his death. Dr. W. Bloom, of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, worked closely with Maximow in the last four years of his life. Bloom then continued Maximow’s work and brought the Textbook on Histology to completion, a book that became a standard text for many generations of medical students and ran to 12 editions after its original publication in 1930 (Figure 4).
Figure 4. The building of the Chamber of Anatomy and Histology at University of Chicago (from the archive of the Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia)
A. A. Maximow was not only a world famous scientist but an extraordinary personality. He was a refined Russian aristocrat, and a polyglot who spoke fluent English, German, and French. Maximow was a brilliant lecturer, and his presentations were always exciting. He was a talented artist who made wonderful drawings, the unique feature of which is their dramatic precision. Maximow’s Essence of Histology (1914), which is now preserved at the library of the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg, is accompanied by the drawings made by its author (Figure 5). The collection of Alexander A. Maximow’s papers at the University of Chicago contains numerous drawings he made, along with correspondence, laboratory notes and sketches, manuscripts of scientific papers and addresses, English translations of Maximow's Russian works, Russian textbooks, and photographs [5].
Figure 5. The first page of the first edition of the Essence of Histology by Maximow (1914), and Maximow’s drawing of red blood cells in this textbook (the collection of the library of the Military Medical Academy, from the archive of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy named after A. A. Maximow, Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia)
In conclusion, the presentation of these biographical notes on Alexander A. Maximow in the special issue of the Journal “Cellular Therapy and Transplantation” did not occur by chance. A. A. Maximow is considered to be the founder of the hematopoietic stem cell concept. The year 1909, the year the paper "Der Lymphozyt als gemeinsame Stammzelle der verschiedenen Blutelemente in der embryonalen Entwicklung und im postfetalen Leben der Säugetiere" was published, is considered to be the starting point of the stem cell epoch, though the proof of the development of all tissue cell lineages from one single cell came much later [6-8].
Remarkably, nearly 50 years later, the hematopoietic stem cell concept in its present interpretation forms the basis for revolutionary treatment strategies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, opening up a new era in the management of a variety of life-threatening hematological malignancies.
References
2. Konstantinov IE. In search of Alexander A. Maximow: the man behind the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis. Perspect Biol Med. 2000;43:269–76. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2000.0006.
3. Khlopin NG. Professor А.А. Maximow (obituary). Russkii arkhiv anatomii, gistologii, i embriologii. 1929;8(1):3-6. Russian.
4. Dusseau JL. Admiral Rozhestvensky charts the course of a textbook- the story of the Maximow-Bloom-Fawcett "Histology". Persp. Biol.Med. 1986;30:108-16.
5. The University of Chicago Library, Guide to the Alexander A. Maximow Papers 1902-1936, 2007.
7. Dick JE, Magli MC, Huszar D, Phillips RA, Bernstein A. Introduction of a selectable gene into primitive stem cells capable of long-term reconstitution of the hemopoietic system of W/Wv mice. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):71-9.
10. Scientific papers and drawings of Alexander A. Maximow. Department of Special Collections. The Joseph Regenstein Library, The University of Chicago.
Key papers by A. A. Maximow
1. Maximow A. Der Lymphozyt als gemeinsame Stammzelle der verschiedenen Blutelemente in der embryonalen Entwicklung und im postfetalen Leben der Säugetiere (Demonstrationsvortrag, gehalten in der außerordentlichen Sitzung der Berliner Hämatologischen Gesellschaft am 1. Juni 1909) Folia Haematologica 8.1909;125-134.
English translation. Russian translation.
2. Maximow A. Untersuchungen über Blut und Bindegewebe. III. Die embryonale Histogenese des Knochenmarks der Saugetiere. Arch mikr Anat. 1910;76:1-113.
3. Maximow AA. Osnovi Histologii. St.Petersburg. K.L. Rikker’s printing house. 1914-1915. Russian.
4. Maximow A. Relation of the blood cells to connective tissues and endothelium. Physiol Rev. 1924;4:553-563.
5. Maximow A. Über undifferenzierte Blutzellen und mesenchymale Keimlager im erwachsenen Organismus. Klin Wochensch. 1926;5:2193-2199.
6. Maximow A. Morphology of the mesenchymal reactions. Arch Pathol. 1927;4:557-606.
7. Maximow A. Development of non-granular leucocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes) into polyblasts (macrophages) and fibroblasts in vitro. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1927;24:570-572.
8. Maximow A. Cultures of blood leucocytes. From lymphocyte and monocyte to connective tissue. Arch Exp Zellforsch. 1928;5:169-268.
9. Maximow A. Bindegewebe und blutbildende Gewebe. In: Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Herausgegeben von W. Mollendorff. Berlin: Verlag von J. Springer. 1928. S. 238.
10. Maximow AA, Bloom W. A Text Book of Histology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 1930.
" ["DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE"]=> string(4) "html" ["~DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE"]=> string(4) "html" ["PREVIEW_TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["~PREVIEW_TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE"]=> string(4) "text" ["~PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE"]=> string(4) "text" ["PREVIEW_PICTURE"]=> NULL ["~PREVIEW_PICTURE"]=> NULL ["LANG_DIR"]=> string(4) "/ru/" ["~LANG_DIR"]=> string(4) "/ru/" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["~SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(47) "nauchnoe-nasledie-a-a-maksimova-sto-let-spustya" ["~CODE"]=> string(47) "nauchnoe-nasledie-a-a-maksimova-sto-let-spustya" ["EXTERNAL_ID"]=> string(3) "910" ["~EXTERNAL_ID"]=> string(3) "910" ["IBLOCK_TYPE_ID"]=> string(7) "journal" ["~IBLOCK_TYPE_ID"]=> string(7) "journal" ["IBLOCK_CODE"]=> string(7) "volumes" ["~IBLOCK_CODE"]=> string(7) "volumes" ["IBLOCK_EXTERNAL_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["~IBLOCK_EXTERNAL_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["LID"]=> string(2) "s2" ["~LID"]=> string(2) "s2" ["EDIT_LINK"]=> NULL ["DELETE_LINK"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_ACTIVE_FROM"]=> string(0) "" ["IPROPERTY_VALUES"]=> array(18) { ["ELEMENT_META_TITLE"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["ELEMENT_META_KEYWORDS"]=> string(199) "стволовая клетка концепция гемопоэтической стволовой клетки трансплантация стволовых кроветворных клеток" ["ELEMENT_META_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(127) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустяThe Maximow 1909 centenary: A reappraisal" ["ELEMENT_PREVIEW_PICTURE_FILE_ALT"]=> string(2611) "<p class="bodytext">Статья посвящена 100-летию опубликования известной мировому научному сообществу статьи выдающего русского ученого <br>А. А. Максимова «Лимфоцит как общая стволовая клетка разнообразных элементов крови в эмбриональном развитии и постфетальной жизни млекопитающих», в которой впервые сформулировано положение о стволовой клетке крови.<br> А. А. Максимов создал унитарную теорию кроветворения и во многом предопределил научное развитие мировой науки в области клеточной биологии. Его труды стали научной классикой и до настоящего времени остаются одними из наиболее часто цитируемых работ по клеточной биологии. В статье представлены сведения о жизни и научном наследии А. А. Максимова, дано описание наиболее значимых работ А. А. Максимова в различные периоды его жизни, включая его работу в Императорской Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге и в Чикагском университете в период эмиграции. </p> <p class="bodytext">Публикация данной статьи в журнале «Клеточная терапия и трансплантация» в 2009 году является знаменательным событием, подчеркивающим признание мировым научным сообществом неоценимого вклада А. А. Максимова в создание учения о кроветворной стволовой клетке, заложенного в 1909, и его развития в таком важном и перспективном направлении современной медицины, так трансплантация костного мозга и стволовых гемопоэтических клеток. </p>" ["ELEMENT_PREVIEW_PICTURE_FILE_TITLE"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["ELEMENT_DETAIL_PICTURE_FILE_ALT"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["ELEMENT_DETAIL_PICTURE_FILE_TITLE"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["SECTION_META_TITLE"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["SECTION_META_KEYWORDS"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["SECTION_META_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["SECTION_PICTURE_FILE_ALT"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["SECTION_PICTURE_FILE_TITLE"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["SECTION_PICTURE_FILE_NAME"]=> string(51) "nauchnoe-nasledie-a-a-maksimova-sto-let-spustya-img" ["SECTION_DETAIL_PICTURE_FILE_ALT"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["SECTION_DETAIL_PICTURE_FILE_TITLE"]=> string(86) "Научное наследие А. А. Максимова: сто лет спустя" ["SECTION_DETAIL_PICTURE_FILE_NAME"]=> string(51) "nauchnoe-nasledie-a-a-maksimova-sto-let-spustya-img" ["ELEMENT_PREVIEW_PICTURE_FILE_NAME"]=> string(51) "nauchnoe-nasledie-a-a-maksimova-sto-let-spustya-img" ["ELEMENT_DETAIL_PICTURE_FILE_NAME"]=> string(51) "nauchnoe-nasledie-a-a-maksimova-sto-let-spustya-img" } ["FIELDS"]=> array(1) { ["IBLOCK_SECTION_ID"]=> string(2) "38" } ["PROPERTIES"]=> array(18) { ["KEYWORDS"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "19" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 10:46:01" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(27) "Ключевые слова" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(8) "KEYWORDS" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "E" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "19" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "4" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(13) "EAutocomplete" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(9) { ["VIEW"]=> string(1) "E" ["SHOW_ADD"]=> string(1) "Y" ["MAX_WIDTH"]=> int(0) ["MIN_HEIGHT"]=> int(24) ["MAX_HEIGHT"]=> int(1000) ["BAN_SYM"]=> string(2) ",;" ["REP_SYM"]=> string(1) " " ["OTHER_REP_SYM"]=> string(0) "" ["IBLOCK_MESS"]=> string(1) "Y" } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "12620" [1]=> string(5) "12621" [2]=> string(5) "12622" } ["VALUE"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(3) "908" [1]=> string(3) "909" [2]=> string(3) "441" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(0) "" [1]=> string(0) "" [2]=> string(0) "" } ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(3) "908" [1]=> string(3) "909" [2]=> string(3) "441" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(0) "" [1]=> string(0) "" [2]=> string(0) "" } ["~NAME"]=> string(27) "Ключевые слова" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" } ["SUBMITTED"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "20" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(21) "Дата подачи" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "SUBMITTED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "20" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12535" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "01/14/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "01/14/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(21) "Дата подачи" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL } ["ACCEPTED"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "21" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(25) "Дата принятия" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(8) "ACCEPTED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "21" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12536" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/12/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/12/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(25) "Дата принятия" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL } ["PUBLISHED"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "22" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Дата публикации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "PUBLISHED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "22" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12537" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/25/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/25/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Дата публикации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL } ["CONTACT"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "23" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 14:43:05" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(14) "Контакт" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(7) "CONTACT" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "E" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "23" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "3" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "Y" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(13) "EAutocomplete" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(9) { ["VIEW"]=> string(1) "E" ["SHOW_ADD"]=> string(1) "Y" ["MAX_WIDTH"]=> int(0) ["MIN_HEIGHT"]=> int(24) ["MAX_HEIGHT"]=> int(1000) ["BAN_SYM"]=> string(2) ",;" ["REP_SYM"]=> string(1) " " ["OTHER_REP_SYM"]=> string(0) "" ["IBLOCK_MESS"]=> string(1) "N" } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12582" ["VALUE"]=> string(3) "906" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(3) "906" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(14) "Контакт" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" } ["AUTHORS"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "24" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 10:45:07" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(7) "AUTHORS" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "E" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "24" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "3" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "Y" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(13) "EAutocomplete" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(9) { ["VIEW"]=> string(1) "E" ["SHOW_ADD"]=> string(1) "Y" ["MAX_WIDTH"]=> int(0) ["MIN_HEIGHT"]=> int(24) ["MAX_HEIGHT"]=> int(1000) ["BAN_SYM"]=> string(2) ",;" ["REP_SYM"]=> string(1) " " ["OTHER_REP_SYM"]=> string(0) "" ["IBLOCK_MESS"]=> string(1) "N" } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(5) "12623" [1]=> string(5) "12624" [2]=> string(5) "12625" [3]=> string(5) "12626" [4]=> string(5) "12627" } ["VALUE"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(3) "906" [1]=> string(3) "455" [2]=> string(3) "457" [3]=> string(3) "907" [4]=> string(2) "34" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(0) "" [1]=> string(0) "" [2]=> string(0) "" [3]=> string(0) "" [4]=> string(0) "" } ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(3) "906" [1]=> string(3) "455" [2]=> string(3) "457" [3]=> string(3) "907" [4]=> string(2) "34" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(0) "" [1]=> string(0) "" [2]=> string(0) "" [3]=> string(0) "" [4]=> string(0) "" } ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" } ["AUTHOR_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "25" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "AUTHOR_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "25" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12555" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(165) "<p class="Autor">А. А. Новик, Т. И. Ионова, Г. Городокин, А. Б. Смолянинов, Б. В. Афанасьев</p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(143) "
А. А. Новик, Т. И. Ионова, Г. Городокин, А. Б. Смолянинов, Б. В. Афанасьев
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["SUMMARY_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12556" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2611) "<p class="bodytext">Статья посвящена 100-летию опубликования известной мировому научному сообществу статьи выдающего русского ученого <br>А. А. Максимова «Лимфоцит как общая стволовая клетка разнообразных элементов крови в эмбриональном развитии и постфетальной жизни млекопитающих», в которой впервые сформулировано положение о стволовой клетке крови.<br> А. А. Максимов создал унитарную теорию кроветворения и во многом предопределил научное развитие мировой науки в области клеточной биологии. Его труды стали научной классикой и до настоящего времени остаются одними из наиболее часто цитируемых работ по клеточной биологии. В статье представлены сведения о жизни и научном наследии А. А. Максимова, дано описание наиболее значимых работ А. А. Максимова в различные периоды его жизни, включая его работу в Императорской Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге и в Чикагском университете в период эмиграции. </p> <p class="bodytext">Публикация данной статьи в журнале «Клеточная терапия и трансплантация» в 2009 году является знаменательным событием, подчеркивающим признание мировым научным сообществом неоценимого вклада А. А. Максимова в создание учения о кроветворной стволовой клетке, заложенного в 1909, и его развития в таком важном и перспективном направлении современной медицины, так трансплантация костного мозга и стволовых гемопоэтических клеток. </p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2555) "Статья посвящена 100-летию опубликования известной мировому научному сообществу статьи выдающего русского ученого
А. А. Максимова «Лимфоцит как общая стволовая клетка разнообразных элементов крови в эмбриональном развитии и постфетальной жизни млекопитающих», в которой впервые сформулировано положение о стволовой клетке крови.
А. А. Максимов создал унитарную теорию кроветворения и во многом предопределил научное развитие мировой науки в области клеточной биологии. Его труды стали научной классикой и до настоящего времени остаются одними из наиболее часто цитируемых работ по клеточной биологии. В статье представлены сведения о жизни и научном наследии А. А. Максимова, дано описание наиболее значимых работ А. А. Максимова в различные периоды его жизни, включая его работу в Императорской Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге и в Чикагском университете в период эмиграции.
Публикация данной статьи в журнале «Клеточная терапия и трансплантация» в 2009 году является знаменательным событием, подчеркивающим признание мировым научным сообществом неоценимого вклада А. А. Максимова в создание учения о кроветворной стволовой клетке, заложенного в 1909, и его развития в таком важном и перспективном направлении современной медицины, так трансплантация костного мозга и стволовых гемопоэтических клеток.
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["DOI"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2016-04-06 14:11:12" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12543" ["VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000034.01" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000034.01" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" } ["AUTHOR_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "37" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "AUTHOR_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "37" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12565" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(260) "<p class="Autor">Andrey A. Novik<sup>1</sup>, Tatyana I. Ionova<sup>1</sup>, Gary Gorodokin<sup>2</sup>, Alexander Smolyaninov<sup>3</sup>, and Boris V. Afanasyev<sup>4</sup></p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(178) "Andrey A. Novik1, Tatyana I. Ionova1, Gary Gorodokin2, Alexander Smolyaninov3, and Boris V. Afanasyev4
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12566" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(413) "<p class="bodytext"><sup>1</sup>Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia; <br><sup>2</sup>New Jersey Center for Quality of Life and Health Outcome Research, NJ, USA; <br><sup>3</sup>Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia; <br><sup>4</sup>Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia </p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(325) "1Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia;
2New Jersey Center for Quality of Life and Health Outcome Research, NJ, USA;
3Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia;
4Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Andrey A. Novik1, Tatyana I. Ionova1, Gary Gorodokin2, Alexander Smolyaninov3, and Boris V. Afanasyev4
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(178) "Andrey A. Novik1, Tatyana I. Ionova1, Gary Gorodokin2, Alexander Smolyaninov3, and Boris V. Afanasyev4
" } ["DOI"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2016-04-06 14:11:12" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12543" ["VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000034.01" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000034.01" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000034.01" } ["NAME_EN"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "40" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 10:49:47" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(4) "Name" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(7) "NAME_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "40" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "Y" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12544" ["VALUE"]=> string(41) "The Maximow 1909 centenary: A reappraisal" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(41) "The Maximow 1909 centenary: A reappraisal" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(4) "Name" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(41) "The Maximow 1909 centenary: A reappraisal" } ["ORGANIZATION_EN"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12566" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(413) "<p class="bodytext"><sup>1</sup>Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia; <br><sup>2</sup>New Jersey Center for Quality of Life and Health Outcome Research, NJ, USA; <br><sup>3</sup>Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia; <br><sup>4</sup>Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia </p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(325) "1Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia;
2New Jersey Center for Quality of Life and Health Outcome Research, NJ, USA;
3Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia;
4Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
1Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia;
2New Jersey Center for Quality of Life and Health Outcome Research, NJ, USA;
3Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia;
4Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
А. А. Новик, Т. И. Ионова, Г. Городокин, А. Б. Смолянинов, Б. В. Афанасьев
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(143) "А. А. Новик, Т. И. Ионова, Г. Городокин, А. Б. Смолянинов, Б. В. Афанасьев
" } ["SUBMITTED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "20" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(21) "Дата подачи" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "SUBMITTED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "20" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12535" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "01/14/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "01/14/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(21) "Дата подачи" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "01/14/2009 12:00:00 am" } ["ACCEPTED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "21" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(25) "Дата принятия" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(8) "ACCEPTED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "21" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12536" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/12/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/12/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(25) "Дата принятия" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "05/12/2009 12:00:00 am" } ["PUBLISHED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "22" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Дата публикации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "PUBLISHED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "22" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12537" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/25/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/25/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Дата публикации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "05/25/2009 12:00:00 am" } ["KEYWORDS"]=> array(38) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "19" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 10:46:01" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(27) "Ключевые слова" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(8) "KEYWORDS" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "E" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "19" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "4" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(13) "EAutocomplete" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(9) { ["VIEW"]=> string(1) "E" ["SHOW_ADD"]=> string(1) "Y" ["MAX_WIDTH"]=> int(0) ["MIN_HEIGHT"]=> int(24) ["MAX_HEIGHT"]=> int(1000) ["BAN_SYM"]=> string(2) ",;" ["REP_SYM"]=> string(1) " " ["OTHER_REP_SYM"]=> string(0) "" ["IBLOCK_MESS"]=> string(1) "Y" } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "12620" [1]=> string(5) "12621" [2]=> string(5) "12622" } ["VALUE"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(3) "908" [1]=> string(3) "909" [2]=> string(3) "441" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(0) "" [1]=> string(0) "" [2]=> string(0) "" } ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(3) "908" [1]=> string(3) "909" [2]=> string(3) "441" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(0) "" [1]=> string(0) "" [2]=> string(0) "" } ["~NAME"]=> string(27) "Ключевые слова" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(75) "стволовая клетка" [1]=> string(125) "концепция гемопоэтической стволовой клетки" [2]=> string(129) "трансплантация стволовых кроветворных клеток" } ["LINK_ELEMENT_VALUE"]=> bool(false) } ["CONTACT"]=> array(38) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "23" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 14:43:05" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(14) "Контакт" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(7) "CONTACT" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "E" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "23" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "3" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "Y" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(13) "EAutocomplete" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(9) { ["VIEW"]=> string(1) "E" ["SHOW_ADD"]=> string(1) "Y" ["MAX_WIDTH"]=> int(0) ["MIN_HEIGHT"]=> int(24) ["MAX_HEIGHT"]=> int(1000) ["BAN_SYM"]=> string(2) ",;" ["REP_SYM"]=> string(1) " " ["OTHER_REP_SYM"]=> string(0) "" ["IBLOCK_MESS"]=> string(1) "N" } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12582" ["VALUE"]=> string(3) "906" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(3) "906" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(14) "Контакт" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(58) "Andrey A. Novik" ["LINK_ELEMENT_VALUE"]=> bool(false) } ["SUMMARY_RU"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12556" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2611) "<p class="bodytext">Статья посвящена 100-летию опубликования известной мировому научному сообществу статьи выдающего русского ученого <br>А. А. Максимова «Лимфоцит как общая стволовая клетка разнообразных элементов крови в эмбриональном развитии и постфетальной жизни млекопитающих», в которой впервые сформулировано положение о стволовой клетке крови.<br> А. А. Максимов создал унитарную теорию кроветворения и во многом предопределил научное развитие мировой науки в области клеточной биологии. Его труды стали научной классикой и до настоящего времени остаются одними из наиболее часто цитируемых работ по клеточной биологии. В статье представлены сведения о жизни и научном наследии А. А. Максимова, дано описание наиболее значимых работ А. А. Максимова в различные периоды его жизни, включая его работу в Императорской Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге и в Чикагском университете в период эмиграции. </p> <p class="bodytext">Публикация данной статьи в журнале «Клеточная терапия и трансплантация» в 2009 году является знаменательным событием, подчеркивающим признание мировым научным сообществом неоценимого вклада А. А. Максимова в создание учения о кроветворной стволовой клетке, заложенного в 1909, и его развития в таком важном и перспективном направлении современной медицины, так трансплантация костного мозга и стволовых гемопоэтических клеток. </p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(2555) "Статья посвящена 100-летию опубликования известной мировому научному сообществу статьи выдающего русского ученого
А. А. Максимова «Лимфоцит как общая стволовая клетка разнообразных элементов крови в эмбриональном развитии и постфетальной жизни млекопитающих», в которой впервые сформулировано положение о стволовой клетке крови.
А. А. Максимов создал унитарную теорию кроветворения и во многом предопределил научное развитие мировой науки в области клеточной биологии. Его труды стали научной классикой и до настоящего времени остаются одними из наиболее часто цитируемых работ по клеточной биологии. В статье представлены сведения о жизни и научном наследии А. А. Максимова, дано описание наиболее значимых работ А. А. Максимова в различные периоды его жизни, включая его работу в Императорской Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге и в Чикагском университете в период эмиграции.
Публикация данной статьи в журнале «Клеточная терапия и трансплантация» в 2009 году является знаменательным событием, подчеркивающим признание мировым научным сообществом неоценимого вклада А. А. Максимова в создание учения о кроветворной стволовой клетке, заложенного в 1909, и его развития в таком важном и перспективном направлении современной медицины, так трансплантация костного мозга и стволовых гемопоэтических клеток.
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(2555) "Статья посвящена 100-летию опубликования известной мировому научному сообществу статьи выдающего русского ученого
А. А. Максимова «Лимфоцит как общая стволовая клетка разнообразных элементов крови в эмбриональном развитии и постфетальной жизни млекопитающих», в которой впервые сформулировано положение о стволовой клетке крови.
А. А. Максимов создал унитарную теорию кроветворения и во многом предопределил научное развитие мировой науки в области клеточной биологии. Его труды стали научной классикой и до настоящего времени остаются одними из наиболее часто цитируемых работ по клеточной биологии. В статье представлены сведения о жизни и научном наследии А. А. Максимова, дано описание наиболее значимых работ А. А. Максимова в различные периоды его жизни, включая его работу в Императорской Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге и в Чикагском университете в период эмиграции.
Публикация данной статьи в журнале «Клеточная терапия и трансплантация» в 2009 году является знаменательным событием, подчеркивающим признание мировым научным сообществом неоценимого вклада А. А. Максимова в создание учения о кроветворной стволовой клетке, заложенного в 1909, и его развития в таком важном и перспективном направлении современной медицины, так трансплантация костного мозга и стволовых гемопоэтических клеток.
" } } } [1]=> array(49) { ["IBLOCK_SECTION_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["ID"]=> string(3) "912" ["~ID"]=> string(3) "912" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["~IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(132) "А. Я. Фриденштейн, основатель концепции мезенхимальной стволовой клетки" ["~NAME"]=> string(132) "А. Я. Фриденштейн, основатель концепции мезенхимальной стволовой клетки" ["ACTIVE_FROM"]=> NULL ["~ACTIVE_FROM"]=> NULL ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(22) "06/20/2017 11:17:07 am" ["~TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(22) "06/20/2017 11:17:07 am" ["DETAIL_PAGE_URL"]=> string(114) "/en/archive/tom-1-nomer-3/osnovnye-avtory/a-ya-fridenshteyn-osnovatel-kontseptsii-mezenkhimalnoy-stvolovoy-kletki/" ["~DETAIL_PAGE_URL"]=> string(114) "/en/archive/tom-1-nomer-3/osnovnye-avtory/a-ya-fridenshteyn-osnovatel-kontseptsii-mezenkhimalnoy-stvolovoy-kletki/" ["LIST_PAGE_URL"]=> string(12) "/en/archive/" ["~LIST_PAGE_URL"]=> string(12) "/en/archive/" ["DETAIL_TEXT"]=> string(12967) "Maximow and Friedenstein
Two researchers, Alexander Maximow (1874–1928), and Alexander Friedenstein (1924–1998), are standing out in Russian experimental hematology and, today, their merits are recognized worldwide. They met a rather similar fate. Both of them started their medical carrier in the Military Medical Academy. Their theories on stem cells were far ahead of their time and were met with skepticism. Therefore, the merits of both were underestimated during their lifetime. Finally, the scientific concepts of Maximow and Friedenstein represent an experimental basis for the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and for the development of various approaches to cellular therapy and their implications. Cellular therapy is a promising research discipline which has rapidly developed since the last decade. For the history of this field, it is noteworthy today that Maximow postulated a unitary theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), and Friedenstein discovered adult non-hematopoietic stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, MSC) in bone marrow (BM).
A.J. Friedenstein pioneered the understanding and positive evaluation of Maximow’s heritage: He restored the good name of Maximow in Russia where Maximow was discredited after the revolution of 1917 and his work unfairly forgotten. In the history of histology and hematology in the USSR, Maximow's name had been given a negative connotation when he was mentioned together with a group of other “reactionary” scientists, e.g., A. Weissman, L. Morgan, N. Vavilov et al., which was in fact a great honor for him. It was Friedenstein who studied in detail the main stages of Maximow’s research in Russia, Germany, and the USA, together with Russian and foreign colleagues (M. Tavassoli, D. Rowley) and he can be credited today for having contributed to the restoration of Maximow’s good name by highlighting the great significance of Maximow's fundamental studies in hematology.
Friedenstein's scientific contributions
As a young researcher, A.J. Friedenstein performed studies on the regeneration of skin and bones in Amphibia, especially in vitro culturing of frog transitional epithelium. From 1950 onwards, A.J. Friedenstein worked at the N.F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (USSR Academy of Medical Sciences). During this period, he carried out various studies in morphology and microbiology, with a special interest on interactions between the bone and hematopoietic tissues. From 1963 onwards, A.J. Friedenstein was the head of the immunomorphological laboratory, which was run by him for 25 years [4]. He headed studies in cellular disturbances following irradiation, development of approaches to regeneration of hematopoiesis, as well as continuing research in bone tissues. (Please find a list of Friedenstein's publications after the references below.)
Image 1. A.J. Friedenstein (1924-1998), © Elena Elstner
A.J. Friedenstein is generally credited with the discovery of MSC. He started his pioneering work about 40 years ago by stating the critical observation that BM in postnatal life is a reservoir of stem cells for mesenchymal tissues. From BM, Friedenstein isolated for the first time adherent, fibroblast-like, clonogenic cells (colony forming unit-fibroblast, CFU-F) with a high replicative capacity in vitro (Friedenstein et al. 1968, 1970, 1974, Keiliss–Borok IV et al. 1971), which was multipotential in that it was able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and hematopoietic supporting stroma when a single CFU-F was re-transplanted in vivo (Friedenstein et al. 1966, 1968, 1974, 1980, 1987).
Collectively, these pioneer studies demonstrated that BM contains a cell population, distinct from HSC that is clonogenic, capable of protracted self-maintenance and differentiation into multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. Accordingly, these cells fulfill the criteria of stem cells (Till and McCuloch 1961).
Several generations of scientists, in particular biologists and medical doctors now working both in Russia and abroad got their basic knowledge from the books of A.J. Friedenstein and continue his studies in mesenchymal stem cells for various goals. A lot of scientists belong to A.J. Friedenstein’s scientific school: R.K. Chailakhyan, N.V. Latsinik, Yu.V. Gerasimov, A.I. Kuralesova, A.G. Konoplannikov and others. In the West, Friedenstein's findings were important for research undertaken by, e.g., T.M. Dexter [5]. Those who remember the personal contacts and discussions with Friedenstein appreciate today that the real depth of his mind lay in his predictions on the role of mesenchymal cells. In his detailed studies he cooperated with leading Russian traumatologists, including G.A. Ilisarov, a professor at the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (RAMN). Together they made a pioneering proposal on applications of mesenchymal cells in clinical settings.
The life of A.J. Friedenstein was full of research endeavours, which he acted on without any compromise. His devotedness in defending his scientific viewpoints and ideas today may serve as a good example for young researchers and scientists.
References
1. Friedenstein AJ, Lalykina KS. Bone tissue induction and osteogenic presursor cells. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1973. Russian.
2. Friedenstein AJ, Deriglazova UF, Kulagina NN, et al. Precursors for fibroblasts in different populations of hematopoietic cells as detected by the in vitro colony assay method. Exp Hematol. 1974;2:83-92.
3. Friedenstein AJ, Luria EA. Cellular basis of hematopoietic microenvironment. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1980. Russian.
5. Dexter TM, Allen TD, Lajtha LG. Conditions controlling the proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells in vitro. J Cell. Physiol. 1977;91:335-344. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040910303.
Friedenstein’s publications
1. Kuznetsov SA, Friedenstein AJ, Robey PG. Factors required for bone marrow stromal fibroblast colony formation in vitro. Br J Haematol. 1997;97:561-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.902904.x.
2. Friedenstein AJ. Marrow stromal fibroblasts. Calcif Tissue Int. 1995;56 Suppl 1:S17.
3. Friedenstein AJ, Latzinik NV, Gorskaya YuF, Luria EA, Moskvina IL. Bone marrow stromal colony formation requires stimulation by haemopoietic cells. Bone Miner. 1992;18:199-213.
4. Friedenstein AJ. Osteogenic stem cells in bone marrow. In: Heersche J.N.M., Kanis J.A., eds. Bone and mineral research. The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1990. p. 243-272.
5. Friedenstein AJ. Stromal-hematopoietic interrelationships: Maximov’s ideas and modern models. Haematol. Blood Transfus. 1989;32:159-167.
6. Owen M., Friedenstein AJ. Stromal stem cells: marrow-derived osteogenic precursors. Ciba Found Symp. 1988;136:42-60.
7. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhyan RK, Gerasimov UV. Bone marrow osteogenic stem cells: in vitro cultivation and transplantation in diffusion chambers. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1987;20:263-272. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1987.tb01309.x.
8. Luria EA, Owen ME, Friedenstein AJ, Morris JF, Kuznetsow SA. Bone formation in organ cultures of bone marrow. Cell Tissue Res. 1987;248:449-454.
9. Friedenstein AJ, Latzinik NW, Grosheva AG, Gorskaya UF. Marrow microenvironment transfer by heterotopic transplantation of freshly isolated and cultured cells in porous sponges. Exp Hematol. 1982;10:217-227.
10. Friedenstein AJ, Latzinik NV, Gorskaya UF, Sidorovich SY. Radiosensitivity and postirradiation changes of bone marrow clonogenic stromal mechanocytes. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1981;39:537-546. dio: 10.1080/09553008114550641.
11. Friedenstein AJ. Stromal mechanisms of bone marrow: cloning in vitro and retransplantation in vivo. Haematol Blood Transfus. 1980;25:19-29.
12. Friedenshtein AJ, Lurija E.A. Kletochnye osnovy krovetvornogo mikrookruzhenija [Cell basis of hematopoietic microenvironment]. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1980. 216 p. Russian.
13. Friedenstein AJ, Ivanov-Smolenski AA, Chajlakjan RK, Gorskaya UF, Kuralesova AI, Latzinik NW, Gerasimow UW. Origin of bone marrow stromal mechanocytes in radiochimeras and heterotopic transplants. Exp Hematol. 1978;6:440-444.
14. Chertkov IL, Friedenstein AJ. Kletochnye osnovy krovetvorenija [Cell basis of hematopoiesis]. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1977. 274 p. Russian.
15. Friedenstein AJ, Gorskaja JF, Kulagina NN. Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs. Exp Hematol. 1976;4:267-674.
16. Friedenstein AJ. Precursor cells of mechanocytes. Int Rev Cytol. 1976;47:327-359. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(08)60092-3.
17. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhyan RK, Latsinik NV, Panasyuk AF, Keiliss-Borok IV. Stromal cells responsible for transferring the microenvironment of the hemopoietic tissues. Cloning in vitro and retransplantation in vivo. Transplantation. 1974;17:331-40.
18. Friedenstein AJ, Deriglasova UF, Kulagina NN, Panasuk AF, Rudakowa SF, Luriá EA, Rudakow IA. Precursors for fibroblasts in different populations of hematopoietic cells as detected by the in vitro colony assay method. Exp Hematol. 1974;2:83-92.
19. Friedenstein AJ, Lalykina KS. Indukcija kostnoj tkani i osteogennye kletki-predshestvenniki [Induction of bone tissue and osteogenic cell-precursors]. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1973. 216 p. Russian.
20. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Latsinik NV. Kletki, otvetstvennie za perenos mikrookrujenia v krovetvorniy I limphoidtoy tkani. (Stromal cell responsible for transfer of microenvironment of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue). Probl Hematol Blood Transf. 1973;10:14-23.
21. Friedenstein AJ, Lalykina KS. Thymus cells are inducible to osteogenesis. Eur J Immunol. 1972;2:602-603. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830020624.
22. Friedenstein AJ, Kurolesova AI. Osteogenic precursor cells of bone marrow in radiation chimeras. Transplant.1971;12:99-108.
23. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Lalykina KS. The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1970;3:393-403. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1970.tb00347.x.
24. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Vasiliev AV. Clonoobrasovanie v monosloinich kulturach kostnogo mozga (Formation of clone in monolayer of bone marrow cultures). Bull Exp Biolog Med. 1970;2:94-96.
25. Latsinik NV, Luria EA, Friedenstein AJ, Samoylina NL, Chertkov IL. Colony-forming cells in organ cultures of embryonal liver. J Cell Physiol. 1970;75:163-165. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040750205.
26. Friedenstein AJ, Petrakova KV, Kurolesova AI, Frolova GP. Heterotopic of bone marrow. Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. Transplantation. 1968;6:230-247
27. Friedenstein AJ, Piatetzky-Shapiro II, Petrakova KV. Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1966;16:381-90.
28. Friedenstein AJ. Humoral nature of osteogenic activity of transitional epithelium. Nature. 1962;19:698-699. doi: 10.1038/194698a0.
29. Friedenstein AJ. Osteogenetic activity of transplanted transitional epithelium. Acta Anat (Basel). 1961;45:31-59. doi: 10.1159/000141739.
Maximow and Friedenstein
Two researchers, Alexander Maximow (1874–1928), and Alexander Friedenstein (1924–1998), are standing out in Russian experimental hematology and, today, their merits are recognized worldwide. They met a rather similar fate. Both of them started their medical carrier in the Military Medical Academy. Their theories on stem cells were far ahead of their time and were met with skepticism. Therefore, the merits of both were underestimated during their lifetime. Finally, the scientific concepts of Maximow and Friedenstein represent an experimental basis for the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and for the development of various approaches to cellular therapy and their implications. Cellular therapy is a promising research discipline which has rapidly developed since the last decade. For the history of this field, it is noteworthy today that Maximow postulated a unitary theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), and Friedenstein discovered adult non-hematopoietic stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, MSC) in bone marrow (BM).
A.J. Friedenstein pioneered the understanding and positive evaluation of Maximow’s heritage: He restored the good name of Maximow in Russia where Maximow was discredited after the revolution of 1917 and his work unfairly forgotten. In the history of histology and hematology in the USSR, Maximow's name had been given a negative connotation when he was mentioned together with a group of other “reactionary” scientists, e.g., A. Weissman, L. Morgan, N. Vavilov et al., which was in fact a great honor for him. It was Friedenstein who studied in detail the main stages of Maximow’s research in Russia, Germany, and the USA, together with Russian and foreign colleagues (M. Tavassoli, D. Rowley) and he can be credited today for having contributed to the restoration of Maximow’s good name by highlighting the great significance of Maximow's fundamental studies in hematology.
Friedenstein's scientific contributions
As a young researcher, A.J. Friedenstein performed studies on the regeneration of skin and bones in Amphibia, especially in vitro culturing of frog transitional epithelium. From 1950 onwards, A.J. Friedenstein worked at the N.F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (USSR Academy of Medical Sciences). During this period, he carried out various studies in morphology and microbiology, with a special interest on interactions between the bone and hematopoietic tissues. From 1963 onwards, A.J. Friedenstein was the head of the immunomorphological laboratory, which was run by him for 25 years [4]. He headed studies in cellular disturbances following irradiation, development of approaches to regeneration of hematopoiesis, as well as continuing research in bone tissues. (Please find a list of Friedenstein's publications after the references below.)
Image 1. A.J. Friedenstein (1924-1998), © Elena Elstner
A.J. Friedenstein is generally credited with the discovery of MSC. He started his pioneering work about 40 years ago by stating the critical observation that BM in postnatal life is a reservoir of stem cells for mesenchymal tissues. From BM, Friedenstein isolated for the first time adherent, fibroblast-like, clonogenic cells (colony forming unit-fibroblast, CFU-F) with a high replicative capacity in vitro (Friedenstein et al. 1968, 1970, 1974, Keiliss–Borok IV et al. 1971), which was multipotential in that it was able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and hematopoietic supporting stroma when a single CFU-F was re-transplanted in vivo (Friedenstein et al. 1966, 1968, 1974, 1980, 1987).
Collectively, these pioneer studies demonstrated that BM contains a cell population, distinct from HSC that is clonogenic, capable of protracted self-maintenance and differentiation into multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. Accordingly, these cells fulfill the criteria of stem cells (Till and McCuloch 1961).
Several generations of scientists, in particular biologists and medical doctors now working both in Russia and abroad got their basic knowledge from the books of A.J. Friedenstein and continue his studies in mesenchymal stem cells for various goals. A lot of scientists belong to A.J. Friedenstein’s scientific school: R.K. Chailakhyan, N.V. Latsinik, Yu.V. Gerasimov, A.I. Kuralesova, A.G. Konoplannikov and others. In the West, Friedenstein's findings were important for research undertaken by, e.g., T.M. Dexter [5]. Those who remember the personal contacts and discussions with Friedenstein appreciate today that the real depth of his mind lay in his predictions on the role of mesenchymal cells. In his detailed studies he cooperated with leading Russian traumatologists, including G.A. Ilisarov, a professor at the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (RAMN). Together they made a pioneering proposal on applications of mesenchymal cells in clinical settings.
The life of A.J. Friedenstein was full of research endeavours, which he acted on without any compromise. His devotedness in defending his scientific viewpoints and ideas today may serve as a good example for young researchers and scientists.
References
1. Friedenstein AJ, Lalykina KS. Bone tissue induction and osteogenic presursor cells. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1973. Russian.
2. Friedenstein AJ, Deriglazova UF, Kulagina NN, et al. Precursors for fibroblasts in different populations of hematopoietic cells as detected by the in vitro colony assay method. Exp Hematol. 1974;2:83-92.
3. Friedenstein AJ, Luria EA. Cellular basis of hematopoietic microenvironment. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1980. Russian.
5. Dexter TM, Allen TD, Lajtha LG. Conditions controlling the proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells in vitro. J Cell. Physiol. 1977;91:335-344. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040910303.
Friedenstein’s publications
1. Kuznetsov SA, Friedenstein AJ, Robey PG. Factors required for bone marrow stromal fibroblast colony formation in vitro. Br J Haematol. 1997;97:561-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.902904.x.
2. Friedenstein AJ. Marrow stromal fibroblasts. Calcif Tissue Int. 1995;56 Suppl 1:S17.
3. Friedenstein AJ, Latzinik NV, Gorskaya YuF, Luria EA, Moskvina IL. Bone marrow stromal colony formation requires stimulation by haemopoietic cells. Bone Miner. 1992;18:199-213.
4. Friedenstein AJ. Osteogenic stem cells in bone marrow. In: Heersche J.N.M., Kanis J.A., eds. Bone and mineral research. The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1990. p. 243-272.
5. Friedenstein AJ. Stromal-hematopoietic interrelationships: Maximov’s ideas and modern models. Haematol. Blood Transfus. 1989;32:159-167.
6. Owen M., Friedenstein AJ. Stromal stem cells: marrow-derived osteogenic precursors. Ciba Found Symp. 1988;136:42-60.
7. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhyan RK, Gerasimov UV. Bone marrow osteogenic stem cells: in vitro cultivation and transplantation in diffusion chambers. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1987;20:263-272. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1987.tb01309.x.
8. Luria EA, Owen ME, Friedenstein AJ, Morris JF, Kuznetsow SA. Bone formation in organ cultures of bone marrow. Cell Tissue Res. 1987;248:449-454.
9. Friedenstein AJ, Latzinik NW, Grosheva AG, Gorskaya UF. Marrow microenvironment transfer by heterotopic transplantation of freshly isolated and cultured cells in porous sponges. Exp Hematol. 1982;10:217-227.
10. Friedenstein AJ, Latzinik NV, Gorskaya UF, Sidorovich SY. Radiosensitivity and postirradiation changes of bone marrow clonogenic stromal mechanocytes. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1981;39:537-546. dio: 10.1080/09553008114550641.
11. Friedenstein AJ. Stromal mechanisms of bone marrow: cloning in vitro and retransplantation in vivo. Haematol Blood Transfus. 1980;25:19-29.
12. Friedenshtein AJ, Lurija E.A. Kletochnye osnovy krovetvornogo mikrookruzhenija [Cell basis of hematopoietic microenvironment]. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1980. 216 p. Russian.
13. Friedenstein AJ, Ivanov-Smolenski AA, Chajlakjan RK, Gorskaya UF, Kuralesova AI, Latzinik NW, Gerasimow UW. Origin of bone marrow stromal mechanocytes in radiochimeras and heterotopic transplants. Exp Hematol. 1978;6:440-444.
14. Chertkov IL, Friedenstein AJ. Kletochnye osnovy krovetvorenija [Cell basis of hematopoiesis]. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1977. 274 p. Russian.
15. Friedenstein AJ, Gorskaja JF, Kulagina NN. Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs. Exp Hematol. 1976;4:267-674.
16. Friedenstein AJ. Precursor cells of mechanocytes. Int Rev Cytol. 1976;47:327-359. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(08)60092-3.
17. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhyan RK, Latsinik NV, Panasyuk AF, Keiliss-Borok IV. Stromal cells responsible for transferring the microenvironment of the hemopoietic tissues. Cloning in vitro and retransplantation in vivo. Transplantation. 1974;17:331-40.
18. Friedenstein AJ, Deriglasova UF, Kulagina NN, Panasuk AF, Rudakowa SF, Luriá EA, Rudakow IA. Precursors for fibroblasts in different populations of hematopoietic cells as detected by the in vitro colony assay method. Exp Hematol. 1974;2:83-92.
19. Friedenstein AJ, Lalykina KS. Indukcija kostnoj tkani i osteogennye kletki-predshestvenniki [Induction of bone tissue and osteogenic cell-precursors]. Moscow: Izd-vo “Medizina Publ.”; 1973. 216 p. Russian.
20. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Latsinik NV. Kletki, otvetstvennie za perenos mikrookrujenia v krovetvorniy I limphoidtoy tkani. (Stromal cell responsible for transfer of microenvironment of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue). Probl Hematol Blood Transf. 1973;10:14-23.
21. Friedenstein AJ, Lalykina KS. Thymus cells are inducible to osteogenesis. Eur J Immunol. 1972;2:602-603. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830020624.
22. Friedenstein AJ, Kurolesova AI. Osteogenic precursor cells of bone marrow in radiation chimeras. Transplant.1971;12:99-108.
23. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Lalykina KS. The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1970;3:393-403. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1970.tb00347.x.
24. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Vasiliev AV. Clonoobrasovanie v monosloinich kulturach kostnogo mozga (Formation of clone in monolayer of bone marrow cultures). Bull Exp Biolog Med. 1970;2:94-96.
25. Latsinik NV, Luria EA, Friedenstein AJ, Samoylina NL, Chertkov IL. Colony-forming cells in organ cultures of embryonal liver. J Cell Physiol. 1970;75:163-165. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040750205.
26. Friedenstein AJ, Petrakova KV, Kurolesova AI, Frolova GP. Heterotopic of bone marrow. Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. Transplantation. 1968;6:230-247
27. Friedenstein AJ, Piatetzky-Shapiro II, Petrakova KV. Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1966;16:381-90.
28. Friedenstein AJ. Humoral nature of osteogenic activity of transitional epithelium. Nature. 1962;19:698-699. doi: 10.1038/194698a0.
29. Friedenstein AJ. Osteogenetic activity of transplanted transitional epithelium. Acta Anat (Basel). 1961;45:31-59. doi: 10.1159/000141739.
Борис В. Афанасьев, Елена Эльстнер, Аксель Р. Цандер
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "26" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(22) "Организации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["SUMMARY_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12658" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(3663) "<p class="bodytext">Два выдающихся ученых – А. А. Максимов и А. Я. Фриденштейн – сделали огромный вклад в теоретические и экспериментальные исследования стволовых клеток. Выдающийся гистолог А. А. Максимов, работая в Санкт-Петербурге (в Военно-Медицинской Академии), предложил унитарную теорию кроветворения и обосновал концепцию гематопоэтических стволовых клеток на различных животных моделях. Примерно 50 лет спустя, А. Я. Фриденштейн проводил свои первые исследования с регенерацией костей и переходного эпителия лягушек. Начиная с 1950 г., А. Я. Фриденштейн работал в Институте эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н. Ф. Гамалея (Москва). В своей лаборатории иммуноморфологии он осуществлял исследования клеточных повреждений после облучения, разрабатывал подходы к восстановлению гемопоэза, а также продолжал исследования костных тканей. При изучении взаимодействий между костной тканью и системой крови, он открыл мезенхимные стволовые клетки и предложил идею гемопоэтического микроокружения, образуемого популяциями негемопоэтических клеток. Из костного мозга он впервые выделил адгезивные, фибробластоподобные клоногенные клетки (КОЕ-Ф) с высокой репликативной способностью и мультипотентностью, состоящей в возможности их дифференцировки в остеобласты, хондроциты, адипоциты и стромальные клетки, поддерживающие гемопоэз. Кроме того, Фриденштейн был первым, кто понял и позитивно оценил наследие А. Максимова. Несколько поколений ученых, особенно биологов и клиницистов, теперь работают в России и за ее пределами, получают базовые знания из книг Фриденштейна и продолжают его исследования в области мезенхимных стволовых клеток для различных целей, в том числе – для улучшения регенерации костей в клинических условиях. Таким образом, вклад обоих выдающихся русских исследователей привел к возникновению основы для развития трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и других методов клеточной терапии в качестве метода лечения разнообразных тяжелых заболеваний. </p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(3641) "Два выдающихся ученых – А. А. Максимов и А. Я. Фриденштейн – сделали огромный вклад в теоретические и экспериментальные исследования стволовых клеток. Выдающийся гистолог А. А. Максимов, работая в Санкт-Петербурге (в Военно-Медицинской Академии), предложил унитарную теорию кроветворения и обосновал концепцию гематопоэтических стволовых клеток на различных животных моделях. Примерно 50 лет спустя, А. Я. Фриденштейн проводил свои первые исследования с регенерацией костей и переходного эпителия лягушек. Начиная с 1950 г., А. Я. Фриденштейн работал в Институте эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н. Ф. Гамалея (Москва). В своей лаборатории иммуноморфологии он осуществлял исследования клеточных повреждений после облучения, разрабатывал подходы к восстановлению гемопоэза, а также продолжал исследования костных тканей. При изучении взаимодействий между костной тканью и системой крови, он открыл мезенхимные стволовые клетки и предложил идею гемопоэтического микроокружения, образуемого популяциями негемопоэтических клеток. Из костного мозга он впервые выделил адгезивные, фибробластоподобные клоногенные клетки (КОЕ-Ф) с высокой репликативной способностью и мультипотентностью, состоящей в возможности их дифференцировки в остеобласты, хондроциты, адипоциты и стромальные клетки, поддерживающие гемопоэз. Кроме того, Фриденштейн был первым, кто понял и позитивно оценил наследие А. Максимова. Несколько поколений ученых, особенно биологов и клиницистов, теперь работают в России и за ее пределами, получают базовые знания из книг Фриденштейна и продолжают его исследования в области мезенхимных стволовых клеток для различных целей, в том числе – для улучшения регенерации костей в клинических условиях. Таким образом, вклад обоих выдающихся русских исследователей привел к возникновению основы для развития трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и других методов клеточной терапии в качестве метода лечения разнообразных тяжелых заболеваний.
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["DOI"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2016-04-06 14:11:12" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12639" ["VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000029.01" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000029.01" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" } ["AUTHOR_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "37" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "AUTHOR_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "37" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12668" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(169) "<p class="Autor">Boris V. Afanasyev<sup>1</sup>, Elena Elstner<sup>2</sup>, Axel R. Zander<sup>3</sup></p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(111) "Boris V. Afanasyev1, Elena Elstner2, Axel R. Zander3
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["ORGANIZATION_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12669" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(721) "<p class="bodytext"><sup>1</sup>St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 197089, St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy street, 6/8, Russian Federation; <br><sup>2</sup>Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany; <br><sup>3</sup>Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany<br /><br /><b>Correspondence:</b> <a href="javascript:linkTo_UnCryptMailto('qempxs.ihmxsvwDgxx1nsyvrep2gsq');">editors@<span style="display:none;">spam is bad</span>ctt-journal.com</a> </p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(583) "1St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 197089, St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy street, 6/8, Russian Federation;
2Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
3Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
Correspondence: editors@ctt-journal.com
The outstanding scientists A. Maximow and A. Friedenstein consecrated their lives to the study of stem cells. A. Maximow created a theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells, A. Friedenstein discovered mesenchymal stem cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment. The achievement of both researchers inspired other scientists and doctors to develop hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other methods of cellular therapy as a treatment for a variety of severe diseases.
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(21) "Description / Summary" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["NAME_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "40" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 10:49:47" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(4) "Name" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(7) "NAME_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "40" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "Y" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12640" ["VALUE"]=> string(64) "A .J. Friedenstein, founder of the mesenchymal stem cell concept" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(64) "A .J. Friedenstein, founder of the mesenchymal stem cell concept" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(4) "Name" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" } ["FULL_TEXT_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "42" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-07 20:29:18" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(23) "Полный текст" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(12) "FULL_TEXT_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "42" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(23) "Полный текст" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } } ["PDF_RU"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "43" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-09 16:05:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(7) "PDF RUS" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(6) "PDF_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "F" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "43" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(18) "doc, txt, rtf, pdf" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12659" ["VALUE"]=> string(3) "613" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> NULL ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(3) "613" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> NULL ["~NAME"]=> string(7) "PDF RUS" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" } ["PDF_EN"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "44" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-09 16:05:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(7) "PDF ENG" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(6) "PDF_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "F" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "44" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(18) "doc, txt, rtf, pdf" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12660" ["VALUE"]=> string(3) "614" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> NULL ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(3) "614" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> NULL ["~NAME"]=> string(7) "PDF ENG" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" } ["NAME_LONG"]=> array(36) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "45" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2023-04-13 00:55:00" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(72) "Название (для очень длинных заголовков)" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "NAME_LONG" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "45" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(80) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(72) "Название (для очень длинных заголовков)" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" } } } ["DISPLAY_PROPERTIES"]=> array(12) { ["AUTHOR_EN"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "37" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "AUTHOR_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "37" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12668" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(169) "<p class="Autor">Boris V. Afanasyev<sup>1</sup>, Elena Elstner<sup>2</sup>, Axel R. Zander<sup>3</sup></p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(111) "Boris V. Afanasyev1, Elena Elstner2, Axel R. Zander3
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(6) "Author" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(111) "Boris V. Afanasyev1, Elena Elstner2, Axel R. Zander3
" } ["SUMMARY_EN"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "39" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(21) "Description / Summary" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "39" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12670" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(545) "<p class="bodytext">The outstanding scientists A. Maximow and A. Friedenstein consecrated their lives to the study of stem cells. A. Maximow created a theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells, A. Friedenstein discovered mesenchymal stem cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment. The achievement of both researchers inspired other scientists and doctors to develop hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other methods of cellular therapy as a treatment for a variety of severe diseases.</p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(523) "The outstanding scientists A. Maximow and A. Friedenstein consecrated their lives to the study of stem cells. A. Maximow created a theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells, A. Friedenstein discovered mesenchymal stem cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment. The achievement of both researchers inspired other scientists and doctors to develop hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other methods of cellular therapy as a treatment for a variety of severe diseases.
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(21) "Description / Summary" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(523) "The outstanding scientists A. Maximow and A. Friedenstein consecrated their lives to the study of stem cells. A. Maximow created a theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells, A. Friedenstein discovered mesenchymal stem cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment. The achievement of both researchers inspired other scientists and doctors to develop hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other methods of cellular therapy as a treatment for a variety of severe diseases.
" } ["DOI"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2016-04-06 14:11:12" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "28" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12639" ["VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000029.01" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000029.01" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(3) "DOI" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(29) "10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000029.01" } ["NAME_EN"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "40" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 10:49:47" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(4) "Name" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(7) "NAME_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "80" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "40" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "Y" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> NULL ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12640" ["VALUE"]=> string(64) "A .J. Friedenstein, founder of the mesenchymal stem cell concept" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(64) "A .J. Friedenstein, founder of the mesenchymal stem cell concept" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(4) "Name" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(64) "A .J. Friedenstein, founder of the mesenchymal stem cell concept" } ["ORGANIZATION_EN"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:02:59" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(12) "Organization" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(15) "ORGANIZATION_EN" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "38" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12669" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(721) "<p class="bodytext"><sup>1</sup>St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 197089, St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy street, 6/8, Russian Federation; <br><sup>2</sup>Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany; <br><sup>3</sup>Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany<br /><br /><b>Correspondence:</b> <a href="javascript:linkTo_UnCryptMailto('qempxs.ihmxsvwDgxx1nsyvrep2gsq');">editors@<span style="display:none;">spam is bad</span>ctt-journal.com</a> </p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(583) "1St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 197089, St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy street, 6/8, Russian Federation;
2Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
3Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
Correspondence: editors@ctt-journal.com
1St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 197089, St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy street, 6/8, Russian Federation;
2Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
3Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
Correspondence: editors@ctt-journal.com
Борис В. Афанасьев, Елена Эльстнер, Аксель Р. Цандер
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(12) "Авторы" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(114) "Борис В. Афанасьев, Елена Эльстнер, Аксель Р. Цандер
" } ["SUBMITTED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "20" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(21) "Дата подачи" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "SUBMITTED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "20" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12633" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "02/12/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "02/12/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(21) "Дата подачи" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "02/12/2009 12:00:00 am" } ["ACCEPTED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "21" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(25) "Дата принятия" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(8) "ACCEPTED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "21" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12634" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/29/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "05/29/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(25) "Дата принятия" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "05/29/2009 12:00:00 am" } ["PUBLISHED"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "22" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 17:21:42" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Дата публикации" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(9) "PUBLISHED" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "22" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(8) "DateTime" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> NULL ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12635" ["VALUE"]=> string(22) "06/13/2009 12:00:00 am" ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> string(22) "06/13/2009 12:00:00 am" ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Дата публикации" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> NULL ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(32) "06/13/2009 12:00:00 am" } ["KEYWORDS"]=> array(38) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "19" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-03 10:46:01" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(27) "Ключевые слова" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(8) "KEYWORDS" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "E" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "19" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "4" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(13) "EAutocomplete" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(9) { ["VIEW"]=> string(1) "E" ["SHOW_ADD"]=> string(1) "Y" ["MAX_WIDTH"]=> int(0) ["MIN_HEIGHT"]=> int(24) ["MAX_HEIGHT"]=> int(1000) ["BAN_SYM"]=> string(2) ",;" ["REP_SYM"]=> string(1) " " ["OTHER_REP_SYM"]=> string(0) "" ["IBLOCK_MESS"]=> string(1) "Y" } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(5) "12699" [1]=> string(5) "12700" [2]=> string(5) "12701" [3]=> string(5) "12702" } ["VALUE"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(3) "913" [1]=> string(3) "914" [2]=> string(2) "81" [3]=> string(2) "83" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(0) "" [1]=> string(0) "" [2]=> string(0) "" [3]=> string(0) "" } ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(3) "913" [1]=> string(3) "914" [2]=> string(2) "81" [3]=> string(2) "83" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(0) "" [1]=> string(0) "" [2]=> string(0) "" [3]=> string(0) "" } ["~NAME"]=> string(27) "Ключевые слова" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> string(0) "" ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(74) "Фриденштейн А. Я." [1]=> string(68) "Максимов А. А." [2]=> string(66) "костный мозг" [3]=> string(97) "мезенхимные стволовые клетки" } ["LINK_ELEMENT_VALUE"]=> bool(false) } ["SUMMARY_RU"]=> array(37) { ["ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["TIMESTAMP_X"]=> string(19) "2015-09-02 18:01:20" ["IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "2" ["NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["ACTIVE"]=> string(1) "Y" ["SORT"]=> string(3) "500" ["CODE"]=> string(10) "SUMMARY_RU" ["DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["PROPERTY_TYPE"]=> string(1) "S" ["ROW_COUNT"]=> string(1) "1" ["COL_COUNT"]=> string(2) "30" ["LIST_TYPE"]=> string(1) "L" ["MULTIPLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["XML_ID"]=> string(2) "27" ["FILE_TYPE"]=> string(0) "" ["MULTIPLE_CNT"]=> string(1) "5" ["TMP_ID"]=> NULL ["LINK_IBLOCK_ID"]=> string(1) "0" ["WITH_DESCRIPTION"]=> string(1) "N" ["SEARCHABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["FILTRABLE"]=> string(1) "N" ["IS_REQUIRED"]=> string(1) "N" ["VERSION"]=> string(1) "1" ["USER_TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" ["USER_TYPE_SETTINGS"]=> array(1) { ["height"]=> int(200) } ["HINT"]=> string(0) "" ["PROPERTY_VALUE_ID"]=> string(5) "12658" ["VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(3663) "<p class="bodytext">Два выдающихся ученых – А. А. Максимов и А. Я. Фриденштейн – сделали огромный вклад в теоретические и экспериментальные исследования стволовых клеток. Выдающийся гистолог А. А. Максимов, работая в Санкт-Петербурге (в Военно-Медицинской Академии), предложил унитарную теорию кроветворения и обосновал концепцию гематопоэтических стволовых клеток на различных животных моделях. Примерно 50 лет спустя, А. Я. Фриденштейн проводил свои первые исследования с регенерацией костей и переходного эпителия лягушек. Начиная с 1950 г., А. Я. Фриденштейн работал в Институте эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н. Ф. Гамалея (Москва). В своей лаборатории иммуноморфологии он осуществлял исследования клеточных повреждений после облучения, разрабатывал подходы к восстановлению гемопоэза, а также продолжал исследования костных тканей. При изучении взаимодействий между костной тканью и системой крови, он открыл мезенхимные стволовые клетки и предложил идею гемопоэтического микроокружения, образуемого популяциями негемопоэтических клеток. Из костного мозга он впервые выделил адгезивные, фибробластоподобные клоногенные клетки (КОЕ-Ф) с высокой репликативной способностью и мультипотентностью, состоящей в возможности их дифференцировки в остеобласты, хондроциты, адипоциты и стромальные клетки, поддерживающие гемопоэз. Кроме того, Фриденштейн был первым, кто понял и позитивно оценил наследие А. Максимова. Несколько поколений ученых, особенно биологов и клиницистов, теперь работают в России и за ее пределами, получают базовые знания из книг Фриденштейна и продолжают его исследования в области мезенхимных стволовых клеток для различных целей, в том числе – для улучшения регенерации костей в клинических условиях. Таким образом, вклад обоих выдающихся русских исследователей привел к возникновению основы для развития трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и других методов клеточной терапии в качестве метода лечения разнообразных тяжелых заболеваний. </p>" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["VALUE_ENUM"]=> NULL ["VALUE_XML_ID"]=> NULL ["VALUE_SORT"]=> NULL ["~VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(3641) "Два выдающихся ученых – А. А. Максимов и А. Я. Фриденштейн – сделали огромный вклад в теоретические и экспериментальные исследования стволовых клеток. Выдающийся гистолог А. А. Максимов, работая в Санкт-Петербурге (в Военно-Медицинской Академии), предложил унитарную теорию кроветворения и обосновал концепцию гематопоэтических стволовых клеток на различных животных моделях. Примерно 50 лет спустя, А. Я. Фриденштейн проводил свои первые исследования с регенерацией костей и переходного эпителия лягушек. Начиная с 1950 г., А. Я. Фриденштейн работал в Институте эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н. Ф. Гамалея (Москва). В своей лаборатории иммуноморфологии он осуществлял исследования клеточных повреждений после облучения, разрабатывал подходы к восстановлению гемопоэза, а также продолжал исследования костных тканей. При изучении взаимодействий между костной тканью и системой крови, он открыл мезенхимные стволовые клетки и предложил идею гемопоэтического микроокружения, образуемого популяциями негемопоэтических клеток. Из костного мозга он впервые выделил адгезивные, фибробластоподобные клоногенные клетки (КОЕ-Ф) с высокой репликативной способностью и мультипотентностью, состоящей в возможности их дифференцировки в остеобласты, хондроциты, адипоциты и стромальные клетки, поддерживающие гемопоэз. Кроме того, Фриденштейн был первым, кто понял и позитивно оценил наследие А. Максимова. Несколько поколений ученых, особенно биологов и клиницистов, теперь работают в России и за ее пределами, получают базовые знания из книг Фриденштейна и продолжают его исследования в области мезенхимных стволовых клеток для различных целей, в том числе – для улучшения регенерации костей в клинических условиях. Таким образом, вклад обоих выдающихся русских исследователей привел к возникновению основы для развития трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и других методов клеточной терапии в качестве метода лечения разнообразных тяжелых заболеваний.
" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["~DESCRIPTION"]=> string(0) "" ["~NAME"]=> string(29) "Описание/Резюме" ["~DEFAULT_VALUE"]=> array(2) { ["TEXT"]=> string(0) "" ["TYPE"]=> string(4) "HTML" } ["DISPLAY_VALUE"]=> string(3641) "Два выдающихся ученых – А. А. Максимов и А. Я. Фриденштейн – сделали огромный вклад в теоретические и экспериментальные исследования стволовых клеток. Выдающийся гистолог А. А. Максимов, работая в Санкт-Петербурге (в Военно-Медицинской Академии), предложил унитарную теорию кроветворения и обосновал концепцию гематопоэтических стволовых клеток на различных животных моделях. Примерно 50 лет спустя, А. Я. Фриденштейн проводил свои первые исследования с регенерацией костей и переходного эпителия лягушек. Начиная с 1950 г., А. Я. Фриденштейн работал в Институте эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н. Ф. Гамалея (Москва). В своей лаборатории иммуноморфологии он осуществлял исследования клеточных повреждений после облучения, разрабатывал подходы к восстановлению гемопоэза, а также продолжал исследования костных тканей. При изучении взаимодействий между костной тканью и системой крови, он открыл мезенхимные стволовые клетки и предложил идею гемопоэтического микроокружения, образуемого популяциями негемопоэтических клеток. Из костного мозга он впервые выделил адгезивные, фибробластоподобные клоногенные клетки (КОЕ-Ф) с высокой репликативной способностью и мультипотентностью, состоящей в возможности их дифференцировки в остеобласты, хондроциты, адипоциты и стромальные клетки, поддерживающие гемопоэз. Кроме того, Фриденштейн был первым, кто понял и позитивно оценил наследие А. Максимова. Несколько поколений ученых, особенно биологов и клиницистов, теперь работают в России и за ее пределами, получают базовые знания из книг Фриденштейна и продолжают его исследования в области мезенхимных стволовых клеток для различных целей, в том числе – для улучшения регенерации костей в клинических условиях. Таким образом, вклад обоих выдающихся русских исследователей привел к возникновению основы для развития трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и других методов клеточной терапии в качестве метода лечения разнообразных тяжелых заболеваний.
" } } } }On the keynote authors
Andrey A. Novik1, Tatyana I. Ionova1, Gary Gorodokin2, Alexander Smolyaninov3, and Boris V. Afanasyev4
Boris V. Afanasyev1, Elena Elstner2, Axel R. Zander3
On the keynote authors
Array
(
[KEYWORDS] => Array
(
[ID] => 19
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:46:01
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Ключевые слова
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => KEYWORDS
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => E
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => Y
[XML_ID] => 19
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 4
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => Y
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => EAutocomplete
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[VIEW] => E
[SHOW_ADD] => Y
[MAX_WIDTH] => 0
[MIN_HEIGHT] => 24
[MAX_HEIGHT] => 1000
[BAN_SYM] => ,;
[REP_SYM] =>
[OTHER_REP_SYM] =>
[IBLOCK_MESS] => Y
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => Array
(
[0] => 12620
[1] => 12621
[2] => 12622
)
[VALUE] => Array
(
[0] => 908
[1] => 909
[2] => 441
)
[DESCRIPTION] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] =>
[2] =>
)
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[0] => 908
[1] => 909
[2] => 441
)
[~DESCRIPTION] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] =>
[2] =>
)
[~NAME] => Ключевые слова
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[SUBMITTED] => Array
(
[ID] => 20
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 17:21:42
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Дата подачи
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => SUBMITTED
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 20
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => DateTime
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12535
[VALUE] => 01/14/2009 12:00:00 am
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 01/14/2009 12:00:00 am
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Дата подачи
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[ACCEPTED] => Array
(
[ID] => 21
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 17:21:42
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Дата принятия
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => ACCEPTED
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 21
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => DateTime
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12536
[VALUE] => 05/12/2009 12:00:00 am
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 05/12/2009 12:00:00 am
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Дата принятия
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[PUBLISHED] => Array
(
[ID] => 22
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 17:21:42
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Дата публикации
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => PUBLISHED
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 22
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => DateTime
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12537
[VALUE] => 05/25/2009 12:00:00 am
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 05/25/2009 12:00:00 am
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Дата публикации
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[CONTACT] => Array
(
[ID] => 23
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 14:43:05
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Контакт
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => CONTACT
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => E
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 23
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 3
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => Y
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => EAutocomplete
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[VIEW] => E
[SHOW_ADD] => Y
[MAX_WIDTH] => 0
[MIN_HEIGHT] => 24
[MAX_HEIGHT] => 1000
[BAN_SYM] => ,;
[REP_SYM] =>
[OTHER_REP_SYM] =>
[IBLOCK_MESS] => N
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12582
[VALUE] => 906
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 906
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Контакт
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[AUTHORS] => Array
(
[ID] => 24
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:45:07
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Авторы
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => AUTHORS
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => E
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => Y
[XML_ID] => 24
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 3
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => Y
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => EAutocomplete
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[VIEW] => E
[SHOW_ADD] => Y
[MAX_WIDTH] => 0
[MIN_HEIGHT] => 24
[MAX_HEIGHT] => 1000
[BAN_SYM] => ,;
[REP_SYM] =>
[OTHER_REP_SYM] =>
[IBLOCK_MESS] => N
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => Array
(
[0] => 12623
[1] => 12624
[2] => 12625
[3] => 12626
[4] => 12627
)
[VALUE] => Array
(
[0] => 906
[1] => 455
[2] => 457
[3] => 907
[4] => 34
)
[DESCRIPTION] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] =>
[2] =>
[3] =>
[4] =>
)
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[0] => 906
[1] => 455
[2] => 457
[3] => 907
[4] => 34
)
[~DESCRIPTION] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] =>
[2] =>
[3] =>
[4] =>
)
[~NAME] => Авторы
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[AUTHOR_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 25
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Авторы
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => AUTHOR_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 25
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12555
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="Autor">А. А. Новик, Т. И. Ионова, Г. Городокин, А. Б. Смолянинов, Б. В. Афанасьев</p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => А. А. Новик, Т. И. Ионова, Г. Городокин, А. Б. Смолянинов, Б. В. Афанасьев
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Авторы
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[ORGANIZATION_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 26
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Организации
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => ORGANIZATION_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 26
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] =>
[VALUE] =>
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] =>
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Организации
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[SUMMARY_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 27
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Описание/Резюме
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => SUMMARY_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 27
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12556
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="bodytext">Статья посвящена 100-летию опубликования известной мировому научному сообществу статьи выдающего русского ученого <br>А. А. Максимова «Лимфоцит как общая стволовая клетка разнообразных элементов крови в эмбриональном развитии и постфетальной жизни млекопитающих», в которой впервые сформулировано положение о стволовой клетке крови.<br> А. А. Максимов создал унитарную теорию кроветворения и во многом предопределил научное развитие мировой науки в области клеточной биологии. Его труды стали научной классикой и до настоящего времени остаются одними из наиболее часто цитируемых работ по клеточной биологии. В статье представлены сведения о жизни и научном наследии А. А. Максимова, дано описание наиболее значимых работ А. А. Максимова в различные периоды его жизни, включая его работу в Императорской Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге и в Чикагском университете в период эмиграции.
</p>
<p class="bodytext">Публикация данной статьи в журнале «Клеточная терапия и трансплантация» в 2009 году является знаменательным событием, подчеркивающим признание мировым научным сообществом неоценимого вклада А. А. Максимова в создание учения о кроветворной стволовой клетке, заложенного в 1909, и его развития в таком важном и перспективном направлении современной медицины, так трансплантация костного мозга и стволовых гемопоэтических клеток.
</p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => Статья посвящена 100-летию опубликования известной мировому научному сообществу статьи выдающего русского ученого
А. А. Максимова «Лимфоцит как общая стволовая клетка разнообразных элементов крови в эмбриональном развитии и постфетальной жизни млекопитающих», в которой впервые сформулировано положение о стволовой клетке крови.
А. А. Максимов создал унитарную теорию кроветворения и во многом предопределил научное развитие мировой науки в области клеточной биологии. Его труды стали научной классикой и до настоящего времени остаются одними из наиболее часто цитируемых работ по клеточной биологии. В статье представлены сведения о жизни и научном наследии А. А. Максимова, дано описание наиболее значимых работ А. А. Максимова в различные периоды его жизни, включая его работу в Императорской Военно-медицинской академии в Санкт-Петербурге и в Чикагском университете в период эмиграции.
Публикация данной статьи в журнале «Клеточная терапия и трансплантация» в 2009 году является знаменательным событием, подчеркивающим признание мировым научным сообществом неоценимого вклада А. А. Максимова в создание учения о кроветворной стволовой клетке, заложенного в 1909, и его развития в таком важном и перспективном направлении современной медицины, так трансплантация костного мозга и стволовых гемопоэтических клеток.
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Описание/Резюме
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[DOI] => Array
(
[ID] => 28
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2016-04-06 14:11:12
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => DOI
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => DOI
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 80
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 28
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] =>
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12543
[VALUE] => 10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000034.01
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000034.01
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => DOI
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[AUTHOR_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 37
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Author
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => AUTHOR_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 37
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12565
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="Autor">Andrey A. Novik<sup>1</sup>, Tatyana I. Ionova<sup>1</sup>, Gary Gorodokin<sup>2</sup>, Alexander Smolyaninov<sup>3</sup>, and Boris V. Afanasyev<sup>4</sup></p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => Andrey A. Novik1, Tatyana I. Ionova1, Gary Gorodokin2, Alexander Smolyaninov3, and Boris V. Afanasyev4
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Author
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[ORGANIZATION_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 38
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Organization
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => ORGANIZATION_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 38
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12566
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="bodytext"><sup>1</sup>Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia; <br><sup>2</sup>New Jersey Center for Quality of Life and Health Outcome Research, NJ, USA; <br><sup>3</sup>Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia; <br><sup>4</sup>Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
</p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => 1Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia;
2New Jersey Center for Quality of Life and Health Outcome Research, NJ, USA;
3Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia;
4Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Organization
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[SUMMARY_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 39
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Description / Summary
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => SUMMARY_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 39
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] =>
[VALUE] =>
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] =>
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Description / Summary
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[NAME_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 40
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:49:47
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Name
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => NAME_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 80
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 40
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => Y
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] =>
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12544
[VALUE] => The Maximow 1909 centenary: A reappraisal
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => The Maximow 1909 centenary: A reappraisal
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Name
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[FULL_TEXT_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 42
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-07 20:29:18
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Полный текст
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => FULL_TEXT_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 42
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] =>
[VALUE] =>
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] =>
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Полный текст
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[PDF_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 43
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => PDF RUS
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => PDF_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => F
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 43
[FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] =>
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12545
[VALUE] => 604
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 604
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => PDF RUS
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[PDF_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 44
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => PDF ENG
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => PDF_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => F
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 44
[FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] =>
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12546
[VALUE] => 605
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 605
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => PDF ENG
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[NAME_LONG] => Array
(
[ID] => 45
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2023-04-13 00:55:00
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков)
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => NAME_LONG
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TYPE] => HTML
[TEXT] =>
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 45
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 80
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] =>
[VALUE] =>
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] =>
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков)
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TYPE] => HTML
[TEXT] =>
)
)
)
Andrey A. Novik1, Tatyana I. Ionova1, Gary Gorodokin2, Alexander Smolyaninov3, and Boris V. Afanasyev4
1Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia;
2New Jersey Center for Quality of Life and Health Outcome Research, NJ, USA;
3Stem Cell Bank Pokrovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia;
4Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
On the keynote authors
Array
(
[KEYWORDS] => Array
(
[ID] => 19
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:46:01
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Ключевые слова
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => KEYWORDS
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => E
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => Y
[XML_ID] => 19
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 4
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => Y
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => EAutocomplete
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[VIEW] => E
[SHOW_ADD] => Y
[MAX_WIDTH] => 0
[MIN_HEIGHT] => 24
[MAX_HEIGHT] => 1000
[BAN_SYM] => ,;
[REP_SYM] =>
[OTHER_REP_SYM] =>
[IBLOCK_MESS] => Y
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => Array
(
[0] => 12699
[1] => 12700
[2] => 12701
[3] => 12702
)
[VALUE] => Array
(
[0] => 913
[1] => 914
[2] => 81
[3] => 83
)
[DESCRIPTION] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] =>
[2] =>
[3] =>
)
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[0] => 913
[1] => 914
[2] => 81
[3] => 83
)
[~DESCRIPTION] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] =>
[2] =>
[3] =>
)
[~NAME] => Ключевые слова
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[SUBMITTED] => Array
(
[ID] => 20
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 17:21:42
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Дата подачи
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => SUBMITTED
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 20
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => DateTime
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12633
[VALUE] => 02/12/2009 12:00:00 am
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 02/12/2009 12:00:00 am
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Дата подачи
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[ACCEPTED] => Array
(
[ID] => 21
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 17:21:42
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Дата принятия
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => ACCEPTED
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 21
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => DateTime
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12634
[VALUE] => 05/29/2009 12:00:00 am
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 05/29/2009 12:00:00 am
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Дата принятия
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[PUBLISHED] => Array
(
[ID] => 22
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 17:21:42
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Дата публикации
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => PUBLISHED
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 22
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => DateTime
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12635
[VALUE] => 06/13/2009 12:00:00 am
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 06/13/2009 12:00:00 am
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Дата публикации
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[CONTACT] => Array
(
[ID] => 23
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 14:43:05
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Контакт
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => CONTACT
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => E
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 23
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 3
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => Y
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => EAutocomplete
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[VIEW] => E
[SHOW_ADD] => Y
[MAX_WIDTH] => 0
[MIN_HEIGHT] => 24
[MAX_HEIGHT] => 1000
[BAN_SYM] => ,;
[REP_SYM] =>
[OTHER_REP_SYM] =>
[IBLOCK_MESS] => N
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] =>
[VALUE] =>
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] =>
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Контакт
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[AUTHORS] => Array
(
[ID] => 24
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:45:07
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Авторы
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => AUTHORS
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => E
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => Y
[XML_ID] => 24
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 3
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => Y
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => EAutocomplete
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[VIEW] => E
[SHOW_ADD] => Y
[MAX_WIDTH] => 0
[MIN_HEIGHT] => 24
[MAX_HEIGHT] => 1000
[BAN_SYM] => ,;
[REP_SYM] =>
[OTHER_REP_SYM] =>
[IBLOCK_MESS] => N
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => Array
(
[0] => 12703
[1] => 12704
[2] => 12705
)
[VALUE] => Array
(
[0] => 34
[1] => 911
[2] => 11
)
[DESCRIPTION] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] =>
[2] =>
)
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[0] => 34
[1] => 911
[2] => 11
)
[~DESCRIPTION] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] =>
[2] =>
)
[~NAME] => Авторы
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[AUTHOR_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 25
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Авторы
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => AUTHOR_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 25
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12657
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="Autor">Борис В. Афанасьев, Елена Эльстнер, Аксель Р. Цандер</p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => Борис В. Афанасьев, Елена Эльстнер, Аксель Р. Цандер
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Авторы
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[ORGANIZATION_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 26
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Организации
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => ORGANIZATION_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 26
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] =>
[VALUE] =>
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] =>
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Организации
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[SUMMARY_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 27
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:01:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Описание/Резюме
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => SUMMARY_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 27
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12658
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="bodytext">Два выдающихся ученых – А. А. Максимов и А. Я. Фриденштейн – сделали огромный вклад в теоретические и экспериментальные исследования стволовых клеток. Выдающийся гистолог А. А. Максимов, работая в Санкт-Петербурге (в Военно-Медицинской Академии), предложил унитарную теорию кроветворения и обосновал концепцию гематопоэтических стволовых клеток на различных животных моделях. Примерно 50 лет спустя, А. Я. Фриденштейн проводил свои первые исследования с регенерацией костей и переходного эпителия лягушек. Начиная с 1950 г., А. Я. Фриденштейн работал в Институте эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н. Ф. Гамалея (Москва). В своей лаборатории иммуноморфологии он осуществлял исследования клеточных повреждений после облучения, разрабатывал подходы к восстановлению гемопоэза, а также продолжал исследования костных тканей. При изучении взаимодействий между костной тканью и системой крови, он открыл мезенхимные стволовые клетки и предложил идею гемопоэтического микроокружения, образуемого популяциями негемопоэтических клеток. Из костного мозга он впервые выделил адгезивные, фибробластоподобные клоногенные клетки (КОЕ-Ф) с высокой репликативной способностью и мультипотентностью, состоящей в возможности их дифференцировки в остеобласты, хондроциты, адипоциты и стромальные клетки, поддерживающие гемопоэз. Кроме того, Фриденштейн был первым, кто понял и позитивно оценил наследие А. Максимова. Несколько поколений ученых, особенно биологов и клиницистов, теперь работают в России и за ее пределами, получают базовые знания из книг Фриденштейна и продолжают его исследования в области мезенхимных стволовых клеток для различных целей, в том числе – для улучшения регенерации костей в клинических условиях. Таким образом, вклад обоих выдающихся русских исследователей привел к возникновению основы для развития трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и других методов клеточной терапии в качестве метода лечения разнообразных тяжелых заболеваний.
</p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => Два выдающихся ученых – А. А. Максимов и А. Я. Фриденштейн – сделали огромный вклад в теоретические и экспериментальные исследования стволовых клеток. Выдающийся гистолог А. А. Максимов, работая в Санкт-Петербурге (в Военно-Медицинской Академии), предложил унитарную теорию кроветворения и обосновал концепцию гематопоэтических стволовых клеток на различных животных моделях. Примерно 50 лет спустя, А. Я. Фриденштейн проводил свои первые исследования с регенерацией костей и переходного эпителия лягушек. Начиная с 1950 г., А. Я. Фриденштейн работал в Институте эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н. Ф. Гамалея (Москва). В своей лаборатории иммуноморфологии он осуществлял исследования клеточных повреждений после облучения, разрабатывал подходы к восстановлению гемопоэза, а также продолжал исследования костных тканей. При изучении взаимодействий между костной тканью и системой крови, он открыл мезенхимные стволовые клетки и предложил идею гемопоэтического микроокружения, образуемого популяциями негемопоэтических клеток. Из костного мозга он впервые выделил адгезивные, фибробластоподобные клоногенные клетки (КОЕ-Ф) с высокой репликативной способностью и мультипотентностью, состоящей в возможности их дифференцировки в остеобласты, хондроциты, адипоциты и стромальные клетки, поддерживающие гемопоэз. Кроме того, Фриденштейн был первым, кто понял и позитивно оценил наследие А. Максимова. Несколько поколений ученых, особенно биологов и клиницистов, теперь работают в России и за ее пределами, получают базовые знания из книг Фриденштейна и продолжают его исследования в области мезенхимных стволовых клеток для различных целей, в том числе – для улучшения регенерации костей в клинических условиях. Таким образом, вклад обоих выдающихся русских исследователей привел к возникновению основы для развития трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и других методов клеточной терапии в качестве метода лечения разнообразных тяжелых заболеваний.
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Описание/Резюме
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[DOI] => Array
(
[ID] => 28
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2016-04-06 14:11:12
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => DOI
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => DOI
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 80
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 28
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] =>
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12639
[VALUE] => 10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000029.01
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 10.3205/ctt-2009-en-000029.01
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => DOI
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[AUTHOR_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 37
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Author
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => AUTHOR_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 37
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12668
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="Autor">Boris V. Afanasyev<sup>1</sup>, Elena Elstner<sup>2</sup>, Axel R. Zander<sup>3</sup></p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => Boris V. Afanasyev1, Elena Elstner2, Axel R. Zander3
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Author
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[ORGANIZATION_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 38
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Organization
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => ORGANIZATION_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 38
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12669
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="bodytext"><sup>1</sup>St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 197089, St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy street, 6/8, Russian Federation; <br><sup>2</sup>Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany; <br><sup>3</sup>Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany<br /><br /><b>Correspondence:</b> <a href="javascript:linkTo_UnCryptMailto('qempxs.ihmxsvwDgxx1nsyvrep2gsq');">editors@<span style="display:none;">spam is bad</span>ctt-journal.com</a>
</p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => 1St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 197089, St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy street, 6/8, Russian Federation;
2Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
3Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
Correspondence: editors@ctt-journal.com
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Organization
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[SUMMARY_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 39
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-02 18:02:59
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Description / Summary
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => SUMMARY_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 39
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12670
[VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => <p class="bodytext">The outstanding scientists A. Maximow and A. Friedenstein consecrated their lives to the study of stem cells. A. Maximow created a theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells, A. Friedenstein discovered mesenchymal stem cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment. The achievement of both researchers inspired other scientists and doctors to develop hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other methods of cellular therapy as a treatment for a variety of severe diseases.</p>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] => The outstanding scientists A. Maximow and A. Friedenstein consecrated their lives to the study of stem cells. A. Maximow created a theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells, A. Friedenstein discovered mesenchymal stem cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment. The achievement of both researchers inspired other scientists and doctors to develop hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other methods of cellular therapy as a treatment for a variety of severe diseases.
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Description / Summary
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[NAME_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 40
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-03 10:49:47
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Name
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => NAME_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 80
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 40
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => Y
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] =>
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12640
[VALUE] => A .J. Friedenstein, founder of the mesenchymal stem cell concept
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => A .J. Friedenstein, founder of the mesenchymal stem cell concept
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Name
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[FULL_TEXT_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 42
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-07 20:29:18
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Полный текст
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => FULL_TEXT_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 42
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 200
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] =>
[VALUE] =>
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] =>
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Полный текст
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TEXT] =>
[TYPE] => HTML
)
)
[PDF_RU] => Array
(
[ID] => 43
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => PDF RUS
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => PDF_RU
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => F
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 43
[FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] =>
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12659
[VALUE] => 613
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 613
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => PDF RUS
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[PDF_EN] => Array
(
[ID] => 44
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2015-09-09 16:05:20
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => PDF ENG
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => PDF_EN
[DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => F
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 44
[FILE_TYPE] => doc, txt, rtf, pdf
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] =>
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] =>
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 12660
[VALUE] => 614
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] => 614
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => PDF ENG
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] =>
)
[NAME_LONG] => Array
(
[ID] => 45
[TIMESTAMP_X] => 2023-04-13 00:55:00
[IBLOCK_ID] => 2
[NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков)
[ACTIVE] => Y
[SORT] => 500
[CODE] => NAME_LONG
[DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TYPE] => HTML
[TEXT] =>
)
[PROPERTY_TYPE] => S
[ROW_COUNT] => 1
[COL_COUNT] => 30
[LIST_TYPE] => L
[MULTIPLE] => N
[XML_ID] => 45
[FILE_TYPE] =>
[MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5
[TMP_ID] =>
[LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0
[WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N
[SEARCHABLE] => N
[FILTRABLE] => N
[IS_REQUIRED] => N
[VERSION] => 1
[USER_TYPE] => HTML
[USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array
(
[height] => 80
)
[HINT] =>
[PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] =>
[VALUE] =>
[DESCRIPTION] =>
[VALUE_ENUM] =>
[VALUE_XML_ID] =>
[VALUE_SORT] =>
[~VALUE] =>
[~DESCRIPTION] =>
[~NAME] => Название (для очень длинных заголовков)
[~DEFAULT_VALUE] => Array
(
[TYPE] => HTML
[TEXT] =>
)
)
)
Boris V. Afanasyev1, Elena Elstner2, Axel R. Zander3
1St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 197089, St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy street, 6/8, Russian Federation;
2Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
3Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
Correspondence: editors@ctt-journal.com
The outstanding scientists A. Maximow and A. Friedenstein consecrated their lives to the study of stem cells. A. Maximow created a theory of hematopoiesis and a concept of hematopoietic stem cells, A. Friedenstein discovered mesenchymal stem cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment. The achievement of both researchers inspired other scientists and doctors to develop hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other methods of cellular therapy as a treatment for a variety of severe diseases.